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{{Infobox Australian Place | type = town
| name = Walcha
| state = nsw
| image = Walcha 2007.JPG
| caption = Derby Street, Walcha
| latd =30 |latm =59 |lats =
| longd =151 |longm =36 |longs =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| lga = Walcha Shire
| county = [[Vernon County, New South Wales|Vernon]]
| region = [[Northern Tablelands, New South Wales|Northern Tablelands]]
| parish = Walcha
| postcode = 2354
| est = 1852
| timezone = [[Australian Eastern Standard Time|AEST]]
| utc = +10
| timezone-dst = [[Australian Eastern Daylight Time|AEDT]]
| utc-dst = +11
| pop = 1,623 (2006 Census)
| pop_footnotes =
{{Census 2006 AUS|id=UCL179800|name=Walcha (Urban Centre/Locality) |accessdate=9 February 2010|quick=on}}
| elevation= 1067.0
| maxtemp = 19.2
| mintemp = 5.3
| rainfall = 808.0
| fedgov = [[Division of New England|New England]]
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Tamworth|Tamworth]]
| dist1 = 425
| location1= [[Sydney]]
}}
[[Image:Walcha churches.jpg|thumb|250px|The new and old Anglican churches, Walcha]]
'''Walcha''' (pronounced "wolka") is a parish and town at the south-eastern edge of the [[Northern Tablelands (New South Wales)|Northern Tablelands, New South Wales]], [[Australia]].
The town serves as the seat of [[Walcha Shire]]. Walcha is located 425 kilometres by road from Sydney at the intersection of the [[Oxley Highway]] and [[Thunderbolts Way]]. The [[Apsley River (New South Wales)|Apsley River]] passes through the town to tumble over the [[Apsley Falls]] before joining the [[Macleay River]] further on. Originally the river caused flooding in the town prior to a [[levee]] bank being constructed and saving the town from more floods. At the 2006 [[Census in Australia|census]], Walcha had a population of 1,623 people.
The [[Main North railway line, New South Wales|Main North railway line]] is located some distance away, at a separate village called [[Walcha Road, New South Wales|Walcha Road]] which serves as the railhead. This is served by the daily [[Countrylink]] Xplorer service between [[Sydney]] and [[Armidale, New South Wales|Armidale]]. The railway line was built at Walcha Road, because it was the closest point they could get to the town, due to the steep climb over the [[Great Dividing Range]].
The clear mountain climate here has an average temperature range from -2.0 to 11.9 °C in winter (July), and from 11.8 to 25.3 °C in summer (January). Average annual rainfall is about 808 mm and snow is not unusual.
==History==
The area is thought to have been occupied by the Ngayaywana and Dyangadi [[Australian Aborigines|Aborigine]]s prior to [[Europe]]an settlement. In 1818, [[John Oxley]] became the first white person to discover the area and the falls which were later to be named [[Apsley Falls]].
Hamilton Collins Sempill was the first settler in the [[New England (Australia)|New England]] area when he took up the 'Wolka' run in 1832, establishing slab huts where 'Langford' now stands. Other early runs around the district were Bergen-op-Zoom (1834), Ohio (1836), Europambela (c.1836), Surveyor’s Creek (1836), Emu Creek (c.1837), Ingalba (1837), Orandumbie (1837), Tiara (1837) and Winterbourne (1837). A severe depression from 1841 to 1843, and low demand for wool created hardship for many of these early settlers. In 1848 Walcha run is recorded as being {{convert|64000|acre|km2}} and in the lease of David Lanarch. During 1854 Walcha was sold to Rundle and Dangar who held the mortgage for Jamison and Connal.
Donald, J.Kay, Exploring the North Coast and New England, Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst, 1978, ISBN 0-86417-121-8
Later John Fletcher acquired Walcha and moved from Branga Plains to Oorundumby. After being sold in 1905, Oorundumby was resumed for soldier settlement in 1947 and subdivided into 22 holdings.
A ‘[[wool]]’ road to Port Macquarie (the Oxley Highway) was under construction in 1842 for the transportation of wool from New England to the coast.Walcha Post Office opened on 1 July 1850.
{{Cite web | last = Premier Postal History | title = Post Office List | publisher = Premier Postal Auctions | url = https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=NSW&country= | accessdate = 2011-05-26}}
The mail arrived from Macdonald River (now [[Bendemeer, New South Wales|Bendemeer]]). Walcha was gazetted as a village site in 1852, when town allotments were sold, with annual sales following. At that time there was a blacksmith's shop, a general store and a flour mill. A Roman Catholic chapel was erected in 1854, a police station and the first Presbyterian church was built in 1857 and the Walcha National School in 1859.
In 1861 the population was recorded at 355 and the Anglican church was built in 1862 of stone taken from the demolished homestead, 'Villa Walcha', erected on the Wolka run in the 1840s. The old church has fine stained-glass windows which bear tribute to some of the town's pioneers.
The population dropped in the 1860s but the town soon began to grow for two reasons: firstly, [[Toona australis|red cedar]] getters were active in the area's rainforests by about 1870. [[Gold]] was discovered near Walcha in the 1870s at Glen Morrison, [[Tia, New South Wales|Tia]], The Cells River and [[Nowendoc, New South Wales|Nowendoc]]. [[Antimony]], [[copper]], [[graphite]], [[manganese]], [[silver]] and high quality [[slate]] was also mined in the district.
On 5 April 1878 Walcha was proclaimed a town, when it was gazetted, the boundaries defined and a courthouse was built. A rail link to Sydney and Uralla opened at Walcha Road in 1882. The town became a municipality in 1889. On 19 March 1890 the Walcha Pastoral & Agricultural Association was formed. This annual show has excellent exhibits of [[livestock]], produce, [[vegetable]]s, flowers, wool and handicrafts. Walcha Cottage Hospital founded in 1890 and was situated on the southern hill in South Street. The Shire of Apsley was constituted by proclamation on 7 March 1906. It is in the counties of [[Vernon County, New South Wales|Vernon]], [[Hawes County, New South Wales|Hawes]], and [[Inglis County, New South Wales|Inglis]] and comprises about 60 parishes. The area is {{convert|1605590|acre|km2}}. The Shire of Walcha was constituted by the Union of the Municipality and the Shire of Apsley as from on 1 June 1955.
Other district villages are: [[Niangala, New South Wales|Niangala]], [[Nowendoc, New South Wales|Nowendoc]] and part of [[Woolbrook, New South Wales|Woolbrook]] with settlements at [[Brackendale]], Glen Morrison, Ingalba, [[Tia, New South Wales|Tia]] and [[Yarrowitch, New South Wales|Yarrowitch]].
History was made at Walcha in 1950 when a [[Tiger Moth]] was the first aircraft used to spread [[superphosphate]] by air in Australia. The ‘super’ was dropped on ''Mirani'' and other landholders soon followed suit to greatly increase the [[livestock]] carrying capacity of the district.
In 1992 the Walcha Telecottage was established to become the first telecentre established in Australia. The Telecottage is a not for profit community with the latest information communication facilities, in order to activate interactions between the local communities and to create employment opportunities. This Telecottage carries out not only the fundamental types of work such as job training, remote education, secretarial service and data analysis, but also Internet access service for individuals and small companies. Walcha Telecottage produces a weekly community newsletter, the Apsley Advocate, which is free and delivered to over 1,600 commercial and private addresses.
[http://andrewhunter.com/afh.htm Andrew Hunter] Retrieved on 23 January 2009
During 2008 Walcha recorded one of the state's highest rises in property values at 20 per cent over the last 5 years, according to a report from Australian Property Monitors.
Walcha News, Walcha Property Amongst the Best in NSW, 15 May 2008
[[Image:Langford.JPG|thumb|220px|The [[Register of the National Estate]] listed, Langford, Thunderbolts Way, Walcha, NSW]]
[[Image:St Pauls Pres 01.JPG|thumb|220px|The Register of the National Estate listed, St Paul's Presbyterian Church, Walcha, NSW]]
The local buildings and objects of natural, indigenous and historic significance listed on the [[Register of the National Estate]] includes the following:
[http://www.heritage.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahpi/results.pl?id=&pn=&ad=walcha&lg=&st=&country=&ss=&ds=&sc=&submit=SEARCH Australian Heritage Places] Retrieved on 23 November 2008
* Apsley Gorge National Park (1977 boundary), Oxley Highway
* Betts Farm, Irish Town, Thunderbolts Way
* Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, now known as the [[Gondwana Rainforests of Australia]] ([[Hastings-Macleay Group]])
* Europambela Homestead including outbuildings, grounds and Cemetery, Moona Plains Road
* Langford Homestead, Garden and Cemetery, Nowendoc Road
* Ohio Homestead, Ohio Road
* Rowleys Creek Gulf Nature Reserve
* St Andrews Anglican Church (former), South Street
* St Andrews Rectory (former) including garden and trees, Fitzroy Street
* St Pauls Presbyterian Church and Fletcher Memorial Hall, Hill Street
* The Hole Creek Nature Reserve (1977 boundary), Winterbourne Road
* Walcha Courthouse, Apsley Street
==Flora==
The district supports a wide range of plants across a variety of land forms. Some of the native plants that can be seen growing naturally in the Walcha township and close by include: ''[[acacia]]s'' (wattles), ''[[Eucalyptus]] huberiana'' (rough barked manna gum), ''[[Eucalyptus melliodora]]'' (yellow box), ''[[Eucalyptus nicholii]]'' (Narrow-leaved Black Peppermint), ''[[Eucalyptus nova-anglica]]'' (New England peppermint), ''[[Eucalyptus viminalis]]'' (manna or white gum), ''[[Exocarpos cupressiformis]]'' (native cherry) and ''[[Jacksonia scoparia]]'' (dogwood).
Walcha News, "Trees in our town" series, c.1975
Some of the rare or endangered plants that may be found growing in the district include: ''[[Chiloglottis]] anaticeps'' (bird orchid), ''[[Eucalyptus michaeliana]]'', (Hillgrove spotted gum) and ''[[Philotheca myoporoides]]'' (Mountain Wax-flower), which are growing in the local national parks.
[http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/tsprofile/search_simpleresults.aspx?keywords=walcha&areas=ScientificName&areas=CommonName&areas=Description&areas=Distribution&areas=HabitatEcology&areas=Threats&areas=ManagementActions&threatlevel=&sort=common Threatened Species] Retrieved on 3-2-2009
==Fauna==
[[Grey kangaroo]]s, [[wallaby|wallabies]], [[possum]]s, [[echidna]]s (spiny ant eaters), black and brown [[snake]]s, [[Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard]]s and ''[[Amphibolurus muricatus]]'' (Jacky dragons) may be seen in and around the town. Birds that may be found in the local area include: [[magpie]]s, [[kookaburra]]s, [[plover]]s, [[wood duck]]s, [[spoonbill]]s, [[galah]]s, [[currawong]]s, [[crimson rosella]]s and [[cockatoo]]s.
== Demographics ==
The population of Walcha is overwhelmingly Christian (80.4%) and Australian-born (90.6%).
The median age of 42 years is slightly older than the Australian average of 37. Less than one third (31.9%) of Walcha residents are over the age of 55, compared to a national average of 24%.
[http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/LocationSearch?locationLastSearchTerm=walcha&locationSearchTerm=walcha&newarea=LGA17850&submitbutton=View+QuickStats+%3E&mapdisplay=on&collection=Census&period=2006&areacode=LGA17850&geography=&method=Place+of+Usual+Residence&productlabel=&producttype=QuickStats&topic=&navmapdisplayed=true&javascript=true&breadcrumb=PL&topholder=0&leftholder=0¤taction=104&action=401&textversion=false&subaction=1 2006 Census QuickStats : Walcha (A) (Local Government Area)]
[[Image:Wool display.JPG|thumb|220px|Wool section, Walcha show. The creamy fleeces on the left are crossbred wool.]]
==Industries==
Walcha is known as the "Pasture Wonderland" as the dominant industry in the area is livestock grazing along with an expanding timber industry. The district usually runs about 937,000 sheep
New England County Information, Summerland Printers, Ballina, NSW
(mostly [[Merino]]s) and around 85,500 stud and commercial beef cattle. Livestock produced in the Walcha district is some best in the country and local superfine wool has been acknowledged as some of the best in the world. A large modern dairy that will be capable of producing five million litres of milk per year has been established south of the town.
[http://www.walchanewsonline.com.au/news/local/news/general/countdown-to-milking/1243622.aspx Walcha News - Countdown to milking] Retrieved on 29 May 2009
Some good [[Thoroughbred]] racehorses have been produced in the district including, [[Blue Spec]] (won the [[Melbourne Cup]] in record time), [[Kennaquhair (horse)|Kennaquhair]] (won [[Sydney Cup]] in record time and AJC [[Metropolitan Handicap]]), Eric and Tar Girl etc.
Digby, John; "Thoroughbred Families and Sires of Australian and New Zealand", AJC & VRC, 2002
There is a Thoroughbred stud near the town.
There are also several large trucking businesses, a communications business, along with an engineering business. All regular retail services are also available in the town.
==Services==
* A modern hospital was opened in 2007 to replace the old one.
* There is a modern Central School, a Roman Catholic primary school and a pre-school.
* Two full-time doctors have surgeries in the town.
* Aged Care-permanent and respite services are available at the Riverview Hostel.
* Ambulance Station with two full-time Ambulance Officers in attendance. The Shire is also serviced by the Angel 3 Westpac Rescue Helicopter Service which is based in Tamworth.
* Community Nurse
* Police Station - (3 policemen). A local Court House which is open every Thursday.
* State Emergency Services have a brigade in Walcha.
* The New South Wales Fire Brigades have a Retained fire station (No. 481) in Walcha
* Walcha and surrounding districts are serviced by the NSW Rural Fire Service and a Brigade of Volunteers run the local Fire Station.
* Walcha Home and Community Care Service
* Walcha Saleyards hold fortnightly sheep and cattle sales, plus large annual autumn weaner (calf) sales.
* Walcha Telecottage
==Attractions==
Natural attractions abound in the area and include the [[Apsley Falls]] located about 20 kilometres east of Walcha just off the Oxley Highway. The first drop of the Falls is about 85 metres in depth, and the second, about half a mile further on, drops around 65 metres to the bottom of the gorge. Walcha is the southern gateway to the [[Oxley Wild Rivers National Park]] and [[Werrikimbe National Park]], which are registered with [[Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves]] (CERRA). Composing of mainly scenic gorge country, 900 km² of it, part of it is listed on the register of [[World Heritage]] sites in recognition of its importance to nature conservation. Other interesting nearby national parks include: [[Mummel Gulf National Park]] and [[Cottan-Bimbang National Park]].
Walcha has an ''Open Air Gallery'' where local, national and international artists have combined to create a unique streetscape with about 41 sculptures and artworks, plus 30 sculptured verandah posts in front of local businesses.
''Great Holiday Ideas - Relax at Walcha'', Vol. 4, May 2009, The Land, Rural Press, North Richmond, NSW
There is approximately one artwork per every 85 citizens in the "Open Air Gallery", along with a large collection of works in the local gallery, making Walcha a very cultural and artistic community for its size.
[http://damienmintongallery.com.au/artists/ross-laurie]
The town has four churches representing the [[Roman Catholic]], [[Anglican]], and [[Presbyterian]] denominations. There are many other tourist attractions including scenic 4WD trips, hiking, the State Forests, fishing, fossicking opportunities, Amaroo Museum & Cultural Centre, Pioneer Cottage museum and the local history archives.
The Walcha Jockey Club, Walcha Bushmen's Campdraft and Rodeo Association, Walcha Show Society and the Campdraft Club hold large annual events that extend over several days each. The Walcha Bushmen's Campdraft and Rodeo Association makes large annual donations to various local organisations and other worthy causes.
Walcha News, p.2, 7 May 2009, Rural Press Ltd
The [[New England]] [[Merino]] Field days which display local studs, wool and sheep are held every two years in even numbered years. A biennial Timber Expo was established to showcase the local timber industry. A biennial Garden Festival is held in the spring of even numbered years to display some of the beautiful local gardens. Proceeds from this event are donated to services such as [[Angel]], [[Westpac Life Saver Rescue Helicopter Service]] or Riverview Hostel.
There are numerous other sporting and general interest clubs in the town.
==Notable people from Walcha==
[[Image:Walcha polocrosse.jpg|thumb|220px|Walcha polocrosse team: Bob Gill, Maurice and Paul Goodwin, John Nixon, Brian and Noel Goodwin]]
[[File:STACE-Esther M.jpg|thumb|220px|Mrs Esther Stace riding sidesaddle and clearing a record 6'6" at the [[Sydney Royal Easter Show]].]]
* Bob Beer is notable for his feats of endurance which included pedalling around Australia when he was 58 averaging 145 km every day, without support vehicle or backup.
[http://biketrekaustralia.com/tag/walcha/] Retrieved on 2009-7-30
[http://melbournetodarwinbybike09.bigblog.com.au/index.do?y=2009&m=3&d=25 You could do it too!] Retrieved on 2009-7-30
He was the first person to run the 420 km across the [[Simpson Desert]], which he accomplished in six days.
[http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19800724&id=5IARAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6-YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5977,7805651 – SMH] Retrieved on 2009-7-30
Bob Beer also made a remarkable solo journey across Australia by kayak from [[Port Alma, Queensland|Port Alma]] to [[Murray Mouth]].
[http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2188451] Retrieved 2009-7-30
* Peter Fenwicke, [[rugby union]] player
[http://www.scrum.com/australia/rugby/player/6146.html Peter Fenwicke] Retrieved on 18 January 2009
captained the Australian team on its first world tour in 1957-58.
* Goodwin brothers, Paul, Maurice, Noel and Brian along with Bob Gill and John Nixon were members of the highly successful Walcha and New England [[polocrosse]] team, whose wins included the NSW championships (twice) and Australian championships (as the first club team to do so) in 1962.
Maitland Mercury, 6 August 1962
* Julia Griffin, notable local artist, internationally recognised painter.
[http://www.blackfellowsgully.com.au/]
* John Heffernan, author of children's books
[http://www.spudplus.com/ John Heffernan] Retrieved on 2 September 2008
* Stephen King, internationally recognised sculptor.
* Andrew Laurie, a [[Australia national rugby union team]] ("Wallaby") player who was hooker on two tours of New Zealand.
[http://www.milburnmedia.com/articles-love-in-the-bush.htm Love in the bush] Retrieved on 2 May 2009
* Ross Laurie, notable local artist.
* Bruce McNaughton five wins in the World Championship Sydney Royal Campdraft, three Risdon/Canning Downs campdraft cup wins, three ABCRA Horse of the Year titles, two ABCRA Australian Championship wins.
[http://www.campdrafting.com.au/gallery1.htm Campdrafting] Retrieved on 2009-5-2
* Hume L'Estrange, founder of Betetec Industries and designer of Aaron Loudspeakers, Australia's largest selling Hi-Fi speaker company.
{{cite news|last=Borrowman|first=Greg|title=Speaker moves off-centre|url=http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/how-to/speaker-moves-offcentre-20090616-cdtx.html|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=20 November 2011|date=21 August 2008}}
* Angus Nivison, Art Gallery of NSW’s annual Wynne Prize for landscape winner in 2002.
{{cite news| url=http://www.artnews.com.au/details.php?e=88 }}
* Sam Payne, former Australia national rugby union team ("Wallaby") halfback
[http://tamworth.yourguide.com.au/news/local/sport/other/walcha-welcomes-home-former-wallaby/653942.aspx NDL Walcha welcomes home former Wallaby] Retrieved on 2 September 2008
* Norman Roy held the NSW [[boxing]] title on two occasions.
* Mrs Esther Stace, who jumped {{convert|6|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}, an unbroken world record in [[sidesaddle]] [[show jumping]].
[http://www.rasnsw.com.au/timeline.htm The Agricultural Society of NSW, "Country Leader", 6 Nov 1989]
*[[Casey Stoner]], World MotoGP Champion 2007 - [[Grand Prix motorcycle racing]] (1985-); 2008 Young [[Australian of the Year]].
* Dudley Towers represented NSW and [[Queensland]] in [[Rugby League]] as well as being one top runners in Australia.
Hogan, EL, et al., Where They Grow Old Gracefully, Walcha District Hospital, 1992, ISBN 0-646-10032-7
* Siblings, Graham and Kathryn Watts placed first and second in the World [[Bowhunting]] Championships in [[Sweden]] in 1984.
Walcha residents who have been awarded the Medal of the [[Order of Australia]] (OAM) are:
[http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?brief=true&page=1&search_type=advanced Australian Honours - Advanced Search] Retrieved 18 January 2009
* Ruth Louise Cotterill, in recognition of service to the community.
* Cecily Faith Hoare for service to the community of [[Port Macquarie, New South Wales]].
* Erle Lewis Hogan for service to the community.
* Irene Doris Hoy for community service and was also awarded the [[Australian Sports Medal]].
* Lindsay Edward McMillan for service to veterans and to the community.
* Stuart Norman Nivison for service to [[horse racing]].
* Jillian Anne Munro Nivison Oppenheimer for service to heritage conservation and the environment, particularly through the [[National Trust of Australia]].
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
"A Warm Welcome to Walcha 'the Pasture Wonderland of Australia'"
Southern New England, November 1911
==External links==
{{Commons category|Walcha, New South Wales}}
*[http://wikitravel.org/en/Walcha WikiTravel - Walcha]
*[http://www.nnsw.com.au/apsleyfalls/index.html Information about Apsley Falls]
*[http://www.walchansw.com.au/ Discover Walcha]
*[http://wikitravel.org/en/Walcha Walcha]
*[http://www.abc.net.au/rural/content/2008/s2482944.htm Walcha Campdraft & Rodeo]
*[http://www.walcha.nsw.gov.au/files/1009/File/NewResidentInfo2.pdf Walcha in Brief]
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{{Towns in New England}}
[[Category:Towns in New South Wales]]
[[Category:Towns in New England (New South Wales)]]
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