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[[File:Hyderabad Financial district,India.jpg|right|thumb|230px|Modern Hyderabad]]
'''[[w:Hyderabad|Hyderabad]]''' (i/ˈhaɪdərəˌbæd/ HY-dər-ə-bad; often /ˈhaɪdrəˌbæd/) is the capital and largest city of the [[w:South India|southern Indian state]] of [[w:Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]. It the [[w:List of fourth most populous city|fourth most populous city]] and [[w:List of million plus urban agglomeration in India|sixth most populous urban agglomeration in India]]. Much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including [[w:Hussain Sagar|Hussain Sagar]]—predating the city's founding—north of the city centre. Established in 1591 by [[w:Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah|Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], Hyderabad remained under the rule of the [[w:Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahi dynasty]] for nearly a century before the [[w:Mughals|Mughals]] captured the region. In 1724, Mughal viceroy [[w:Asif Jah I|Asif Jah I]] declared his sovereignty and created his own dynasty, also known as the [[w:Nizams of Hyderabad|Nizams of Hyderabad]]. The Hyderabad State ultimately became a princely state during [[w:British rule|British rule]], and remained so for 150 years, with the city serving as its capital. The city continued as capital of a new Hyderabad State after joining the [[w:Indian Union|Indian Union]] in 1948 and before attaining its current status as the focal point of Andhra Pradesh in 1956. After bifurcation of the state, Hyderabad is now the joint capital of [[w:Telangana|Telangana]] and Andhra Pradesh for 10 years.
==Quotes==
[[File:Golconda fort.jpg|right|thumb|Sushil Rao:It was in 1591 that Hyderabad was founded by [[w:Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah|Mohd Quli Qutub Shah]], the fifth king of the [[w:Qutb Shahi dynasty|Quli Qutub Shah dynasty]], based in [[w:Golconda fort|Golconda fort]]. ...]]
[[File:Charminar Hyderabad 1.jpg|right|thumb|Sushil Rao:...Over the next few decades, while Golconda continued to exist, Hyderabad, with [[w:Charminar|Charminar]] as its centrepiece, became the new hub. It was 25km away from [[w:Golconda|Golconda]].]]
*It was in 1591 that Hyderabad was founded by [[w:Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah|Mohd Quli Qutub Shah]], the fifth king of the [[w:Qutb Shahi dynasty|Quli Qutub Shah dynasty]], based in [[w:Golconda fort|Golconda fort]]. The Shah decided to build a new city on the banks of the [[w:Musi river|Musi river]] because Golconda posed a problem of drinking water and raging [[epidemics]]. Over the next few decades, while Golconda continued to exist, Hyderabad, with [[w:Charminar|Charminar]] as its centrepiece, became the new hub. It [is] 25km away from Golconda.
**Sushil Rao, in [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Testing-time-again-for-the-Pearl-of-Deccan/articleshow/5324913.cms?referral=PM Testing time again for the Pearl of Deccan (11 December 2009)]
*Through out its 420-year-old [[history]], Hyderabad has been irresistible for those who coveted it, and they ended up either taking the city by force or fighting till end for control. The "city of pearls" is now going through yet another challenge that has ended up as a new chapter in its chequered history.
**Sushil Rao in "Testing time again for the Pearl of Deccan (11 December 2009)"
*It was in 1769 that Hyderabad got preeminence after Nizam Ali Khan Asaf Jah-II, the second ruler of the dynasty, made it the capital of his kingdom instead of Aurangabad. By then, two bloody battles had been fought for Hyderabad.
**Sushil Rao in "Testing time again for the Pearl of Deccan (11 December 2009)"
*In [[British India, the Asaf Jahis continued to rule Hyderabad. After [[w:Independence Day (India)|India got independence on August 15, 1947]], the last [[w:Nizam|Nizam]], [[w:Mir Osman Ali Khan|Mir Osman Ali Khan]], refused to merge with [[India]], opting instead to remain independent or merge with [[Pakistan]]. Home minister [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] got [[w:Indian Army|Indian Army]] to take control of Hyderabad. With the Indian Army having reached [[w:Secunderabad|Secunderabad]], the Nizam saw it prudent to sign the [[w:Instrument of Accession|instrument of accession]].
**Sushil Rao in "Testing time again for the Pearl of Deccan (11 December 2009)"
===Momentous day for lovers of freedom, democracy===
[[File:Op Polo Surrender.jpg|right|thumb|[[w:Syed Ahmed El Edroos|General El Edroos]] (at right) offers his surrender of the Hyderabad State Forces to Major General (later General and Army Chief) [[w:Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri|Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri]] at [[w:Secunderabad|Secunderabad]].]]
<small>[http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/17/stories/2004091706840400.htm Momentous day for lovers of freedom, democracy (17 September 2004)]</small>
*''Ye jung hai jung-e-azadi, azadi ke parcham ke tale..''<br>It is a [[war]], the war of [[independence]], of the myriad [[souls]].....
**This marching song penned by Hyderabad's poet, [[w:Makhdoom Mohiuddin|Maqdoom Mohiuddin]], inspired many a young lover of [[freedom]] to take a plunge into the struggle for the liberation of Hyderabad State, quoted by K.Venkateshwarlu, in [http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/17/stories/2004091706840400.htm Momentous day for lovers of freedom, democracy (17 September 2004)]
*Far from gracefully accepting the public mood against his [[w:Autocratic rule|autocratic rule]], the Nizam went on to declare Hyderabad an [[w:Independent state|independent state]], pompously claimed to unfurl the Asafia flag on the [[w:Red Fort|Red Fort]], threatened to accede the [[w:Pakistan|State to Pakistan]], sent an emissary to [[Britain]] and even sought [[w;United Nations|UN]] intervention. Yet, it took just four days and 13 hours, beginning September 13, 1948, for the Indian Army to tame the "mighty" Nizam's Army.
*His Exalted Highness, Lt. Gen Muzaffar-ul Mulk Wal Mumalik Nizam-ul-Mulk, Nizam-ud-Dowla, Nawab Sir Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur, the Faithful Ally of the [[British]], Nizam of Hyderabad, was arguably one of the richest men in the [[world]], nearly bowing with a traditional "[[w:Namaste|namaste]]" before the redoubtable first Indian Union Home Minister, [[Sardar Vallabhai Patel]], at the [[w:Begumpet Airport|Begumpet Airport]].
*The Nizam paid for his mistakes. He remained stubborn not accepting any of the conciliatory efforts made by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. He was offered full protection and 40 per cent representation to [[Muslims]] in the constitution of a responsible government, though their population was 12 per cent. Exhausting all options, the [[Government of India|Nehru Government]] sent the army.
**Burgula Narsinga Rao.
===City environment===
[[File:Unani HospitalBuilding.jpg|right|thumb|M. A. Nayeem: The Asaf Jahi architecture, including palaces, tombs and mosques, belonging to Kings and nobles, are good examples of a mixture of the Mughal and European art styles...]]
*Hyderabad has grown into a [[w:Multiculturalism|cosmopolitan]] city largely due to Central government and defence establishments. In its most recent phase of growth, the IT boom galvanised Hyderabad's outskirts into a major international hub. Apart from [[w:Andhra Pradesh|AP]]'s two other regions, [[w:Rayalaseema|Rayalaseema]] and [[w:Coastal Andhra|coastal Andhra]], many people from other parts of India and abroad, attracted by Hyderabad's resources, climate and peaceful environment, have made its home.
**Sushil Rao in "Testing time environemntfor the Pearl of Deccan (11 December 2009)"
*The discovery of [such] [[Archaeology|archaeological]] evidences shows that the [[history]] of the city and environs goes much beyond [[w:Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya]] and Qutb Shahi periods. The burial spot was on a five-acre patta land in Sy. No.124, in the possession of B. Mallaiah of the same village in Hayathnagar mandal of Ranga Reddy district, just off the Hyderabad-Vijaywada highway. On the face of it, the site was datable to 500 B.C, but unless systematic excavations were carried out, further details would not be known.
**[[w:P Chenna Reddy|P. Chenna Reddy]], Director of Archaeology and Museums, in [http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/10/stories/2008091058090100.htm Iron Age burial site discovered (10 September 2008)]
*The Hyderabadi [[art]] and [[architecture]] of the 18th and 19th Centuries is eclectic which imbibes the [[w:Indo-Persian culture|Mughal cultural traits]] and traditions on the one hand and borrows freely from the [[w:Western art|Western art traditions]] on the other, which had come into vogue in Hyderabad after the construction of the [[w:Koti Residency|British Residency]] in 1806 A.D. The Hyderabadi artists, however, did not fail to draw [[inspiration]] from their own soil, may it be architecture, painting, dress and ornaments for which the city was famous.
**M. A. Nayeem, in The Splendour Of Hyderabad — The last Phase of an Oriental Culture: (1591-1948 A.D.) quoted in [http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/br/2002/05/28/stories/2002052800050300.htm Hyderabad through the ages, {28 May 2002)]
*The Asaf Jahi architecture, including palaces, tombs and mosques, belonging to Kings and nobles, are good examples of a mixture of the Mughal and European art styles. Besides the Residency building, there are a number of churches in the city, which are built in typical [[w:Victorian architecture|British style of architecture]].
**M. A. Nayeem, in The Splendour Of Hyderabad — The last Phase of an Oriental Culture: (1591-1948 A.D.) quoted in "Hyderabad through the ages, {28 May 2002)"
==External links==
{{Wikipedia}}
[[Category:Cities in India]]