BROADCAST NEWS COMMENTARIES AS A STRATEGY FOR SOCIAL CHANGE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approve page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Tables of contents
List of tables
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Statement of problem
Purpose of study
Significance of study
Research questions and hypothesis
Scope of study/ limitation of the study
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Early strategies of social change
2.1 Propaganda –an evaluation
News commentary and propaganda
Mass psychology and social control
News and current affairs and news commentries
News commentaries and other creative articles
CHAPTER THREE
Research design
Area of study
Population of the study
Sample and sampling procedures
Instrument for data collection
Validity and reliability of the research instrument
Method of administration of the research instrument
Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation and analysis of results
Test of hypothesis
Summary of result / findings
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion of results / findings
Implication of the research findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
Suggestion for furthers study
References
Appendices
ABSTRACT
This study examines the crucial role of news commentaries in social change. It accordingly recognizes that its true subject is always the audience, especially, how that audience is constructing social reality in their minds and daily lives. News commentary plays a strategic role in social change because it represents, or rather presents, society as something already under discussion, in the here and now, by media persons (press). In other words, it provides a communications infrastructure for the revolution of everyday life.
However, various obstacles exist in the path of Nigerian journalist that militate against effective performance of his/ her duties. Here lies the role of the press. This study takes a look at what constitutes a social change and the role news commentaries are plating and are also expected to play.
This research work is carried out to help determine and highlight some of the problems militating against the successful production and utilization of broadcast news commentary with special emphasis on broadcast media and the audience within Enugu metropolis. The aim here is to find out if news commentary truly affects social change, its limitations, and recommendations. It also proffers solutions that would help promote media effectiveness, based on the result of the analysis and findings.
This research exercise is divided into five chapters, viz, chapter one deals with the background of the study, statement of problem, objectives, scope, hypotheses and significance of the study. Chapter two deals with review of related literature. Chapter three deals with research methodology and design, while chapter four deals with data presentation and analysis of result. Chapter five deals with findings, conclusions and recommendations and limitations of the study stating some of the problems encountered in the course of this research exercise.
A reference of all library sources, or authors whose previous work were quoted or referred to by the researcher is made available at the end of this chapter. Also in carrying out this research, the major types of data employed include primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained through questionnaires, surveys and observations, while the secondary data were collected from interviews and appraisal of available literature and documents.
In convulsion this research affirms that news commentary lies are indeed both a potent force and effective tool used to achieve social change. Recommendations were also made.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY.
The introduction of broadcast media in Nigeria was dated back to 1930’s starting with the Radio.
Radio broadcasting in Nigeria started with the colonial policy, which demanded sharing of information between colony and the colonial Lords, in 1932 as British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
The system used them was wired wireless connected to the rediftusion boxes (loud speakers) in subscribers hones. This system was called, Radio Distribution service (RDS)
This era led to the establishment of Nigerian Broadcasting service (NBS) in 1951, that Nigerialization of radio program news reflected the environmental pattern/ culture of the people. It was renamed in 1957 as Nigerian Broadcast Corporation (NBC).
Although the scope of the NBC was designed to cover the regions, radio stations were simulfeneously established by the Eastern and Western regions to cater for the mass communication needs of their respective region.
The Eastern region established the tasters Nigerian Broadcasting service (ENBS) IN 1963.
The radio was set up not only to supplement NBC’s efforts, but also provided a team of spirit of competition and electivity which are to have tremendous impact on the quality/ quantity of their programmers.
To further ensure effective broadcast performance, the NBC established zonal station to Lagos, to provide impartial broadcast service to the country.
Television transmission in Nigeria also began in Western Nigeria on October 31st 1959. The service which was initiated by the regional government of the west was not only the first in Nigeria, but the oldest in Africa’s continent as a whole, (Egbon, 1985: 34). The birth of television in Nigeria was accidental having been born out of political motivations. Hitherto, Radio broadcasting in Nigeria was solely provided by the NBC and entirely financed by the government sought to establish its mass media, which it could control and through w2hich it could voice out its opinion independence of the federal Authority.
The new WNBC was set up to provide television and sound broadcasting services, which includes education, i8nformation and entertainment programmers.
These tasters Nigeria Television (ENTV) now NTA Enugu was established in 1963 while others came later. The federal government of Nigeria in 1975 took over all the old regional Television stations.
Television broadcasting was introduced in developing countries recently with its coverage limited to urban centers. The main idea that informed this transfer of television Technology was the view of education and social planners who perceived television as a possible panacea for development and that it may advance modernization and also encourage mass production techniques.
Radio, as the commonest mass media in the third world has proven to have some merits over the last thirty years, radios out reach has expanded cultural communication, television continues to expand rapidly, although from a much smaller and more urban base than radio. The programmers which those television viewers see continue to be largely imported much of it from U.S. Therefore, for most countries, television will continue to be an international medium with a high degree of foreign cultural influence to social change.
Broadcast news commentary is however, as old as the news itself. News commentary as the name implies, is the news behind the news. It is a critical interpretation, evaluation and presentation of significant, contemporal social events in such a way as to inform, entertain, educate and as well influence the audience (ie the publics), (Okoro & Agbo 2003: 125).
News commentary was created to fill the vacuum which news story failed to fill, due to lack of time in the broadcasting media. It is certain issues that need to be highlighted or further elucidated, especially, on a social burning issue.