Chronic hypertension during pregnancy
What is chronic hypertension?If you had high blood pressure (also called hypertension) before you got pregnant or you’re diagnosed with it before you reach 20 weeks, you have chronic hypertension. Up to 5 percent of pregnant women have chronic hypertension.
A blood pressure measurement tells how hard your blood is pushing against the walls of your arteries. The measurement has two numbers: The top (systolic) number is the pressure when the heart pumps blood, and the bottom (diastolic) number is when the heart relaxes and fills with blood. High blood pressure during pregnancy is defined as a reading of 140/90 or higher, even if just one of the numbers is elevated. Severe chronic hypertension is 160/110 or higher.
How does having chronic hypertension affect my pregnancy?Having chronic hypertension significantly increases your risk of developing preeclampsia. Preeclampsia that develops when you already have chronic hypertension is called "superimposed preeclampsia." About 1 in 4 women with chronic hypertension and as many as half of women with severe chronic hypertension will develop superimposed preeclampsia during pregnancy.
High blood pressure during pregnancy can also cause less blood to flow through the placenta, delivering less oxygen and fewer nutrients to your growing baby. Chronic hypertension increases your risk for a number of pregnancy complications, including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, placental abruption, and stillbirth.
If your chronic hypertension is mild, your risk for these complications during pregnancy is not much higher than it would be if you had normal blood pressure that is, as long as you have no other existing medical problems, your hypertension doesn’t get worse during pregnancy, and you don’t develop superimposed preeclampsia.
The more severe your hypertension, however, the higher your risk for these problems, and developing superimposed preeclampsia increases your risk even more. Your risk is also higher if you’ve had hypertension for a long time and it has damaged your cardiovascular system, kidneys, or other organs, or if your hypertension is a result of an underlying medical condition such as diabetes, kidney disease, or lupus.
This Internet site provides information of a general nature and is designed for educational purposes only. If you have any concerns about your own health or the health of your child, you should always consult with a physician or other healthcare professional. Please review the Terms of Use before using this site. Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by the Terms of Use.
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