King Hu (simplified Chinese: 胡金铨; pinyin: Hú Jīnquán) (April 29, 1932–January 14, 1997) was a Hong Kong- and Taiwan-based Chinese film director whose Wuxia films brought Chinese cinema to new technical and artistic heights. His films Come Drink with Me (1966), Dragon Gate Inn (1967) and A Touch of Zen (1969-71) inaugurated a new generation of wuxia films in the late 1960s. He was also a scriptwriter and set designer.
Still of Dragon Gate Inn
Still of A Touch of Zen
Early life
Hu was born in Beijing to a well-established Mandarin family originating from Da Ming, Hebei. His grandfather was the governor of Henan in the late Qing Dynasty. He emigrated to Hong Kong in 1949.
Hu at work
Career
After moving to Hong Kong, Hu worked in a variety of occupations, such as advertising consultant, artistic designer and producer for a number of media companies, as well as a part-time English tutor. In 1958 he joined the Shaw Brothers Studio as set decorator, actor, scriptwriter and assistant director. Under the influence of Taiwanese director Li Han-Hsiang, Hu embarked on a directorial career, helping him helm the phenomenally successful The Love Eterne (1963). Hu's first film as a full-fledged director was Sons of the Good Earth (1965), a film set during the War of Resistance against Japan, but he is better remembered for his next film, Come Drink With Me (1966). Come Drink With Me is his first success and remains a classic of the wuxia genre, catapulting the then 20-year-old starlet Cheng Pei-pei to fame. Blending Japanese samurai film traditions with Western editing techniques and Chinese aesthetic philosophy borrowed from Chinese music and operatics, Hu began the trend of a new school of wuxia swordplay films and his perpetual use of a female heroine as the central protagonist.
Leaving Shaw in 1966, Hu travelled to Taiwan, where he made another wuxia movie, Dragon Gate Inn. Dragon Gate Inn broke all box office and became a phenomenal hit and cult classic, especially in the Southeast Asia. This tense tale of highly skilled martial artists hidden in an inn in part resembles Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and was said to be the inspiration behind it; Zhang Yimou's House of Flying Daggers was also said to be dedicated to this film. In 2003 the award-winning Malaysian-born Taiwanese auteur Tsai Ming-liang made Goodbye Dragon Inn, a tribute to King Hu in which all the action takes place during a closing cinema's last show of Dragon Gate Inn.
Chief amongst the films which exemplify Hu's blend of Chan Buddhism and unique Chinese aesthetics is his trilogy A Touch of Zen (which won the Technical Prize in 1975 Cannes Film Festival and which many regard as his masterpiece), Raining in the Mountains and Legend of the Mountains (both dating from 1979, and shot in Korea), all of which were loosely based on Pu Songling's Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio. After releasing A Touch of Zen, Hu started his own production company and shot The Fate of Lee Khan (1973) and The Valiant Ones (1975) back to back on tight finances. The action choreography in both these films was the work of Sammo Hung.
Though critically hailed, Hu's later films were ostensibly less successful than his first two films. Late in his life, he made a brief return from semi-retirement in Swordsman (1990) and Painted Skin (1993), but the latter never achieved the renown of those two, financially successful wuxia films. King Hu spent the last decade of his life in Los Angeles. He died in Taipei of complications from angioplasty.
Selected filmography
Come Drink with Me (大醉俠, 1966)
Dragon Gate Inn (龙门客栈, 1967)
A Touch of Zen (俠女, 1971)
The Fate of Lee Khan (迎春阁之风波, 1973)
The Valiant Ones (忠烈图, 1975)
Raining in the Mountain (空山云雨, 1979)
Legend of the Mountains (山中传奇, 1979)
The Swordsman (笑傲江湖 in part, 1990)
Painted Skin (画皮之阴阳法王, 1993)