Peace Group Glossary
American Committee on East-West Accord (ACEWA) - 227 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, D.C. 20002 (202/546-1700] is incorporated as a tax-exempt "independent educational organization" and says it is "aimed at improving East/West relations, with special focus on U.S.-Soviet relations." ACEWA and its leaders have consistently urged U.S. trade, foreign policy and arms control concessions to the USSR in order to promote "détente."
ACEWA's co-chairmen are Seyrnour Melman, 74, also co-chairman of SANE, who provided a strident attack on the concept of U.S. defense at a March 28, 1982 citizen conference sponsored by Rep. Ted Weiss (D4.Y.); and George F. Kennan, architect of the strategy of "containment" which in effect meant that the United States would not contest Soviet control of Eastern Europe) and who is presently organizing a campaign for a U.S. policy to never be the first to use nuclear weapons in any conflict. Another Kennan proposal being currently promoted by ACEWA s for the United States to immediately reduce its number of nuclear weapons by 50 percent.
ACEWA's co-directors are Jeanne Mattison and Carl M. Marcy, for 20 ears chief of staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and hen a Ford Administration member of the General Advisory Committee on Arms Control. In 1976, Marcy was editor-in-chief of the Center for International Policy (CIP), and a member )f the CIP board of advisers.
ACEWA's newsletter, East-West Outlook, edited by Marcy, carries articles promoting extreme scare concepts such as that any use of nuclear weapons will bring total extinction of all life on earth and that it s therefore the responsibility of Americans to take the initiative in getting rid of nuclear weapons.
ACEWA's influence in the business and academic community is shown in a report on U.S. peace organizations prepared for potential donors in January 1982 by Ann B. Zill of the Stewart Mott Foundation. Zill wrote:
"In the late April to early May period, the Committee will have its annual meeting at some point when George Kennan, John Kenneth Galbraith, Don Kendall (Pepsi Cola) and Bob Schmidt (Control Data) can all attend. They will again discuss the...Kennan proposal and will hear from some high ranking government official, possibly off the record. The Committee does have to be careful about taking positions that would cause its conservative members to resign."
The Zill report noted that ACEWA had received two years' of funding from the Ford Foundation for a series of meetings with all the former ambassadors to the Soviet Union, but curiously "these probably won't be publicized."
Another current ACEWA project is the production of 60-second radio spots for broadcast during morning and evening "drive-time" periods. Zill reported these will vary in approach "from a soft sell approach (we all have common interests, don't we) to hard sell (do you know the Soviets have two aircraft to [our] 14)." Mark Lewis, formerly with the U.S. Information Agency (USIA), Zill reported, was working on the radio spots and "monies have been received to date from the Rockefeller Brothers and the Ruth Mott Fund."
In its newsletter, East-West Outlook, [March-April 1982, Vol. 5, No. 2], ACEWA boasts that among the 350 endorsers of the Kennedy-Hatfield Nuclear Freeze Resolution introduced in the Senate on March 10, 1982, are the following ACEWA members:
George Ball, Senior Managing Director, Lehman Brothers and former Under Secretary of State; Hodding Carter III, Public Broadcasting System, and former Assistant Secretary of State; Bernard T. Feld, chairman of the executive committee of the Pugwash Conferences, Professor of Physics, MIT, and editor, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists; Joseph Filner, Noblenet International; Roger Fisher, Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, and former consultant to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for National Security; J. William Full-bright, former chairman, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations; Marshall Goldman, associate director, Russian Research Center and Professor of Economics, Wellesley College; Jerome Grossman, president, Council for a Liveable World; W. Averill Harriman, former U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union; Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, S.J., president, University of Notre Dame; Stanley Hoffman, Professor of Government and chairman, Center for European Studies, Harvard University; Townsend Hoopes, former Under Secretary of the Air Force; George F. Kennan, professor emeritus, Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton, and former U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia; George Kistiakowsky, professor emeritus of chemistry, Harvard University, and former Science Advisor to Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson; Philip Klutz-nick, Former Secretary of Commerce; Wassily Leontief, Professor of Economics, New York University and Nobel Laureate; David Linebaugh, Foreign Service Officer (Ret.), and former Deputy Assistant Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; Dr. Bernard Lown, Professor of Cardiology, Harvard School of Public Health and co-president, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW); Carl Marcy, co-director, ACEWA; George McGovern, former U.S. Senator; Donald McHenry, professor, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, and former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; Dr. Avery Post, president, United Church of Christ; George Rathjens, Professor of Political Science, MIT, and former director of Weapons Systems Evaluation Division, Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA); Harrison Salisbury, Soviet Scholar and author; Erwin A. Salk, attorney; Herbert Scoville, Jr., former Deputy Director for Research and Assistant Director of Scientific Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, and Assistant Director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; J. David Singer, Professor of National Security Studies, The Brookings Institution; Jeremy J. Stone, director, Federation of American Scientists; William P. Thompson, Stated Clerk, General Assembly, United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.; Jerome B. Wiesner, past president, M.I.T., and Science Adviser to President Kennedy; Adam Yarmolinsky, former counselor to the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; Herbert F. York, former U.S. negotiator for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.
American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)-1501 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA. 19102 [215/242-7000] was formed in 1917 by a group of 14 socialist Quakers to aid draft resisters. AFSC has been penetrated and used by Communists since the early 1920s when it sent Jessica Smith, who later married Soviet spies Harold Ware and John Abt (since the 1950s CPUSA general counsel and a member of the CPUSA Political Committee) to the Soviet Union to determine famine relief needs in Russia exacerbated by civil war and the collectivization of farmland.
Since the 1960s, the AFSC has supported revolutionary terrorist groups such as the Vietcong, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), and the Central American Castroite groups. The theory behind AFSC's support of terrorist "national liberation movements" was outlined by Jim Bristol in a pamphlet published by AFSC in 1972 and continuously reprinted entitled "Non-violence: Not First for Export." Because of AFSC's leadership role in organizing support for terrorist revolutionary groups, but in the present disarmament campaign initiated through the USSR's covert action apparatus for political warfare, a closer look at AFSC's justification of violence is appropriate.
In the AFSC pamphlet, Bristol presents the totalitarian revolutionary goal in the most glowing terms as a utopia:
"a human society where the worth of the individual will be recognized and each person treated with respect....Land reform measures will be enacted....Education will be provided for every member of the -society;....There will be employment for all. Discrimination because of race, colour or creed will end. Universal medical care will be provided."
AFSC's pamphlet asserts that the United States and other Free World countries are guilty of a bizarre "terrorism" which it calls the "violence of the status quo" and irrationally defines this in the broadest possible terms not only as every possible social ill, but also personal or social discomfort. In the words of the pamphlet, this "violence of the status quo" is:
"the agony of millions who in varying degrees suffer hunger, poverty, ill-health, lack of education, non-acceptance by their fellow men. It is compounded of slights and insults, of rampant injustice, of exploitation, of police brutality, of a thousand indignities from dawn to dusk and through the night."
While most would define terrorism as "a violent attack on a non-combatant segment of the community for the purpose of intimidation, to achieve a political or military objective," AFSC's pamphlet excuses terrorism in the following terms:
"terrorism...repeatedly...is used to signify violent action on the part of oppressed peoples in Asia, Africa, Latin America or within the black ghettos of America, as they take up the weapons of violence in a desperate effort to wrest for themselves the freedom and justice denied them by the systems that presently control their lives. What is so easily (one suspects, often deliberately) overlooked is the fact that the regimes rebelled against are the incarnation of a greater violence than any used in the struggle against them.
"before we deplore terrorism, it is essential for us to recognize whose 'terrorism' came first....It is easy to recognize the violence of the revolutionary when he strikes out against the inequities and cruelties of the established order. What millions of middle-class and other non-poor fail to realize is that they are themselves accomplices each day in meeting [sic] out inhuman, all-pervading violence upon their fellows."
After this justification of the concept of class warfare, which makes "permissible" terrorist attacks on civilians since they are part of the "oppressive class," the AFSC pamphlet says that U.S. activists should not concern themselves with what sort of violent tactics revolutionaries utilize to achieve their ends. Instead, they should work to disarm the United States and for economic warfare against the U.S.'s "oppressive" allies. In its words:
"Instead of trying to devise nonviolent strategy and tactics for revolutionaries in other lands, we will bend every effort to defuse militarism in our own land and to secure the withdrawal of American economic investment in oppressive regimes in other parts of the world."
Following these justifications of terrorist violence by Third World "national liberation movements" in the United States and in foreign countries, the AFSC pamphlet concludes with a call for revolution in the United States, saying:
"Revolution then is needed first and foremost in the United States, thoroughgoing revolution, not a mild palliative."
Similar sentiments were expressed in an article in the March 1982 issue of Fellowship by Russell Johnson, Senior Program Associate of the NE Regional Office of the AFSC, and for many years its Peace Secretary. Describing his visits to Poland (1959), North Vietnam (1967), and Cuba (1969), he determined the North Vietnamese were "heroic people, small in stature, but magnificent in spirit... united...in a struggle to free their country from foreign domination;" stated that the fear of Communism by "the dominant interests in the United States...has little to do with issues of democracy and human rights, but much to do with private property and with access to mineral and petroleum resources and to cheap land and labor. Any nationalization of a country's wealth threatens these private, privileged interests."
Johnson also cited a Cuban telling him in 1969, "If you North Americans could go back to your own country and work to disarm it and to end its counter-revolutionary activity, then maybe we wouldn't have to carry weapons here in Cuba."
As a result of AFSC support for the Vietcong, the Philadelphia Meeting of the Society of Friends withdrew its financial support from the AFSC.
The AFSC worked in collaboration with the World Peace Council against U.S. aid to South Vietnam, sending "observers" to participate in WPC meetings. AFSC's six key program areas are disarmament (Terry Provance) and human rights; global justice (targeting South Korea and Central America); the Middle East (where the AFSC supports the cause of the terrorist Palestine Liberation Organization, PLO); Southern Africa (where AFSC supports the pro-Soviet terrorist movements in Namibia and South Africa); Indochina (supporting the pro-Soviet Hanoi government in Vietnam and its puppet regime in Cambodia); and opposing registration for a military draft.
The director of the AFSC's Disarmament Program since the revival of the international disarmament campaign in the mid-1970s has been Terry Provance, a WPC activist and founding member of the U.S. Peace Council (USPC) who is also a leader of the Mobilization for Survival (MFS) and is active with the World Information Service on Energy (WISE). Accompanied by two foreign Communist WPC activists, Nico Schouten, leader of the Netherlands "Ban the Neutron Bomb" organization, and East German Peace Council head Walter Rumpel, Provance addressed a MFS rally at the U.S. Capitol on October 29, 1979.
AFSC operates a lobbying arm, the Friends Committee on National Legislation (FCNL) headed by Ed Snyder, who has played a key role in developing strategy for pressure on Congress against the U.S. defense budget, and particularly against development or deployment of new weapons systems.
Another AFSC project, the National Action/Research on the Military/Industrial Complex (NARMIC), serves as the AFSC's "intelligence-gathering arm." NARMIC works closely with the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS), the North American Congress On Latin America (NACLA), a pro-Cuba research group, and other anti-defense and armament research organizations.
Arms Control Association (ACA)- operating from 11 Dupont Circle, Ninth Floor, Washington, D.C. 20036 [202/797-6450], with a 1982 budget of some $200,000, wields considerable influence through its "educational" programs that include 25 or more briefings annually. According to a report dated February 22, 1982 by Ann Zill of the Stewart Mott Foundation, ACA briefings are attended yearly by between 700 and 1,000 "academic and diplomatic people, government personnel and afficiandos [sic]."
ACA's leaders include William Kincaid and former CIA official Herbert "Pete" Scoville. Scoville served as the CIA's Assistant Director of Scientific Intelligence and as Deputy Director for Research, and later was Assistant Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. He has been active with the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) since the 1960s in anti-NATO and disarmament projects, and is an advisor to the Center for Defense Information (CDI). In January 1978, Scoville participated in the Washington, D.C. meetings of the WPC Bureau.
For 1982, ACA is sending "editorial advisories" to 1,000 medium to large newspapers in the United States on three issues: "How can a nuclear war start? What would the effects be? And how can one be prevented?" Prevention according to ACA means arms control agreements such as the rejected SALT II treaty in which the United States sends "signals" of peaceful intent to the USSR through major concessions.
Business Executives Move for New National Priorities (BEM)-was founded in 1967 as Business Executives Move for Peace in Vietnam by Henry Niles, then chairman of the board of Baltimore Life Insurance Company and father-in-law of New Left theoretician Staughton Lynd. BEM's name and targeting was changed in 1975, following the Communist conquest of South Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.
BEM serves to mobilize businessmen who have commercial dealings with the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact states for political action in favor of "détente," against U.S. defense modernization, and for a foreign policy of "non-intervention" against Soviet aggression.
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)-is the largest "ban the bomb" movement in Great Britain formed as part of the drive for a nuclear test ban treaty in the late 1950s and early 1960s. As of 1982, seven members of the CND national committee were publicly known members of the British Communist Party. With strong backing from the left wing of the British Labour Party, the CND has revived as a key element in the present anti-NATO and anti-U.S. disarmament drive.
Center for Defense Information (CDI)-operating from Capitol Gallery, West Wing -303, 600 Maryland Avenue, SW., Washington, D.C. [202/484-0490] was formed in 1973 as a project of the tax-exempt Fund for Peace (FFP). CDI and its sister FFP projects-the Center for National Security Studies (CNSS) and the Center for International Policy (CIP)-are spin-offs from projects initiated by the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS), the Washington-based, internationally active revolutionary think-tank. CDI director Gene R. LaRocque has worked closely with IPS cofounder Richard Barnet, and longtime IPS fellow Earl C. Ravenal remains as a CDI advisor.
CDI'S military members include former military officers, intelligence officers and academics who share attitudes of harsh antagonism toward the U.S. national defense, the U.S. military, the NATO alliance and American foreign policy.
CDI'S former military officers are frequently quoted by the Soviet propaganda organs to legitimize their attacks on NATO and U.S. defense forces as trigger-happy dangers to peace.
Although CDI states it "supports a strong defense but opposes excessive expenditures or forces," it has opposed every major new U.S. weapons system developed during the past decade-from the B-1 bomber and Trident submarine to cruise missiles and neutron warheads- as upsetting the U.S.-Soviet strategic balance while at the same time minimizing the Soviet military build up. In 1979, in cooperation with the Members of Congress for Peace Through Law Education Fund, CDI financed a 27-minute film, "War Without Winners", to promote the disarmament lobby's claim that "there is no defense against nuclear war," on which basis they also oppose civil defense programs, anti-ballistic missile defenses and development of satellite-based beam weapons. The film was produced by Harold Wilens, chairman of the board of the Factory Equipment Corporation, CDI advisor, and a leader of Businessmen Move for New National Priorities (BEM); and its director was Haskell Wexler, the revolutionary film director who in 1975 produced a propaganda film for the terrorist Weather Underground Organization consisting of interviews with five fugitive leaders including Kathy Boudin.
The CDI film project director was its senior staff member Arthur L. Kanegis, now CDI's media director. Late in March 1982, Kanegis, of the Georgetown Center for Strategic and International Studies, was interviewed for National Public Radio's "All Things Considered" news show dismissing evidence of Soviet use of nerve gas and biological toxins in Afghanistan and Cambodia.
CDI's newsletter, Defense Monitor, publishes carefully selected data that consistently presents the USSR as a weak opponent. For example, a recent issue (Vol. XI, Number 1, 1982) asserts "there is no evidence to support the notion of growing Soviet 'geopolitical momentum' " and points to setbacks in Egypt, Somalia, Guinea, Bangladesh and India without noting gains in Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, South Yemen, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Nicaragua, Grenada, Syria, Iraq, Libya, etc. And it ignores the implications of the unprecedented joint visit to India of Soviet Defense Minister Marshall Dimitri Ustinov (who had never before travelled outside the USSR and Warsaw Pact countries) and Admiral Gorsakov, the chief of the Soviet fleet.
According to the Zill report (February 22, 1982), CDI's current plans include "hosting, along with the Washington Interreligious Staff Council, a two-day conference for 100 religious leaders" to be presented with CDI's view of the military balance by 1990; Soviet military capacity and limitation; and the future of arms control. The speakers were to include "a representative of Eugene Rostow, Senator Warner and Representatives Les Aspin and Ron Dellums."
Indications that CDI, in its consistent pattern of attacking the U.S. military while offering excuses for the Soviet build-up, may be serving as a "center for defense disinformation" include not only Gene LaRocque's 1975 claims of U.S. violations with nuclear weapons off-loading agreements with Japan and his stay at the Institute of the U.S.A. and Canada in Moscow, but his more recent overt collaboration with the World Peace Council's "generals and admirals for peace" grouping including Nino Pasti and Gert Bastian. In this light, the Zill report stated:
"On June 15 and 16, 1982, during the UN Special Session on Disarmament, CDI will host a conference of retired military officers from NATO and Warsaw Pact countries to discuss how a nuclear war would be fought/avoided, a first-time ever event. Hyman Rickover will be approached about participating."
Center for Development Policy (CDP)-418 Tenth Street, SW, Washington, D.C. 20003 [202/547-6406] is directed by Lindsay Mattison, who formerly served on the staff of Business Executives Move for Peace in Vietnam (BEM) and as co-director of the CDI's sister project, the Center for International Policy (CIP) where in 1976 his colleagues (CIP staff, advisers and consultants) included Susan Weber, then editor of an IPS publication who had previously spent five years working for Soviet Life, an official Soviet propaganda publication whose American staff are registered individually as Soviet agents under the provisions of the Foreign Agents Registration Act; Richard Barnet, IPS; Orlando Letelier, IPS; David Aaron, Senate Intelligence Committee, aide to Senator Walter Mondale and eventually President Carter's Assistant National Security Advisor; Anthony Lake, Barbara Watson and Joseph Nye, all of whom were appointed top Carter State Department officials in 1977; and William G. Miller, staff director of the Senate Intelligence Committee.
CDP attacks U.S. investment and development in Third World countries as exploitation. CDP particularly opposes development of nuclear energy in countries allied with the United States, and its 1982 prime targets include the Philippines, Taiwan, Guatemala and Pakistan. In the disarmament field, it links nuclear power to nuclear weapons.
According to the Zill report, CDP works with U.S. groups including the Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA), Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), World Information Service on Energy (WISE), Nuclear Information and Resource Service (NIRS), and Ralph Nader's Critical Mass. In its anti-Taiwan efforts, Zill reported CDP "deals with the expatriot community and Members of Congress like [Senator Edward] Kennedy and [Representative Steve] Solarz."
Center for International Policy (CIP)-based at 120 Maryland Avenue, NE, Washington, D. C. 20002 [202/ 544-4666] is one of the projects spun-off from the Institute for Policy Studies in the mid-1970s and operating under the tax-exempt aegis of the Fund for Peace (FFP). CIP's bias was shown in its 1976 statement showing its opposition to all U.S.-supported opposition to Soviet aggression. Said CIP:
"Intervention in the domestic affairs of Chile, military and economic support of dictatorships in Greece, Korea, Brazil and elsewhere, and an effort to involve the U.S. in Angola-these are but a few of the actions undertaken or proposed by the American government in the name of U.S. national interests....
"The American citizen has little opportunity to play a role in such policy determinations.
Yet it is the ordinary citizen who pays the price of foreign policy failures-in blood, in economic hardship, and in higher taxes CIP called its role an effort "to develop public participation in the formulation of public policy;" and said it works toward this goal through "a network of journalists, former diplomats, and international officials in the United States and abroad" who report to the CIP-a most unusual apparatus for developing "public participation in the formulation of public policy."
In 1976, while FFP president Nicholas Nyari was a delegate to the World Peace Council's "World Conference to End the Arms Race, for Disarmament and Détente" in Helsinki, CIP staffers included Donald L. Ranard, a 30-year career State Department official who had been director of the Office of Korean Affairs at the time of his retirement and is an opponent of South Korea; Lindsay Mattison, formerly with Business Executives Move for Peace in Vietnam (BEM) and the Coalition for a New Foreign and Military Policy (CNFMP); Carl M. Marcy, for 20 years chief of staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and then a legislative counsel at the State Department; William Goodfellow, then director of research of the pro-Hanoi Indochina Resource Center and board member of the Campaign for a Democratic Foreign Policy; James Morrell, a founder of the Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars and staffer of the Indochina Resource Center; Mary K. Lynch; Warren Unna, a Washington Post reporter for 18 years; and Susan Weber, a former copy editor of Soviet Life, an official propaganda publication of the USSR whose American staff, working from the Soviet Embassy, are individually registered as Soviet agents under the provisions of the Foreign Agents Registration Act, and then manager of the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) publication, The Elements.
CIP's 1976 consultants included David Aaron, aide to Senator Walter Mondale and staffer of the Senate Intelligence Committee, Carter Transition Team liaison to the National Security Council and Carter Assistant National Security Advisor; IPS cofounder Richard Barnet; Tom Dine, Senior Analyst for Defense and International Affairs of the Senate Budget Committee; Richard Falk, IADL activist, participant in the WPC's 1969 Stockholm Conference on Vietnam, and a leader of the Lawyers Committee on U.S. Policy toward Vietnam; Anthony Lake, later a top Carter State Department official; William G. Miller, Senate Intelligence Committee staff director; Joseph Nye, later the Carter State Department official responsible for policy on exports of nuclear power technology to the Third World; and Murray Woldman, staff consultant of Members of Congress for Peace through Law (MCPL).
Among CIP's board of advisers were many former officials who subsequently supported the SALT II treaty and the Nuclear Freeze. The CIP advisers included Tom Asher (husband of Carter ACTIONNISTA assistant director Marge Tabankin); William Attwood, president and publisher, Newsday, former U.S. ambassador; Joel I. Brooke, retired partner, Elmo Roper & Associates; Harlan Cleveland, former Assistant Secretary of State for International Affairs, former U.S. ambassador; Benjamin V. Cohen, former adviser to President Franklin Roosevelt; Adrian W. DeWind, former legislative counsel, U.S. Treasury; Arthur J. Goldberg, former U.S. Supreme Court Justice and U.N. ambassador; Phillip C. Jessup, former U.S. member of the International Court of Justice; Leon H. Keyserling, former chairman of the Economic Advisory Council, more recently active with IPS and its offshoots and with the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC); Wassily Leontief, Nobel laureate in economics; Orlando Letelier, then director of the IPS Transnational Institute, former Allende government U.S. ambassador and defense minister, Soviet agent and source for the Senate Intelligence Committee; Carl M. Marcy; Edwin M. Martin, former U.S. ambassador and U.S. representative to the World Food Conference; Malcolm C. Moos, president emeritus, University of Minnesota; Stewart R. Mott; Joseph Palmer II, former Director General of the Foreign Service; Stephen R. Paschke, treasurer, Fund for Peace; Chester Ronning, former Canadian ambassador; Terry Sanford, president, Duke University and former governor of North Carolina; Edward Snyder, executive secretary, Friends Committee on National Legislation (FCNL); Harrison M. Symmes, president, Wyndham College, former U.S. ambassador; Barbara Watson, former administrator, Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State (who headed that bureau in the Carter Administration); William Watts, president, Potomac Associates, former staff secretary, National Security Council; Susan Weyerhauser, trustee, FFP; Abraham Wilson, partner, Kadel, Wilson and Potts; Charles W. Yost, senior fellow, Brookings Institution, former U.S. deputy representative to the U.N.
At present, one-half of CIP's 1982 $220,000 budget is derived from a $100,000 grant from the Reynolds Foundation and targeted to its Indochina Project, a successor to the former Indochina Resource Center which dissolved at the time Vietnamese spy David Truong was arrested. The project is completing a study of "yellow rain"-Soviet nerve gas supplied to Vietnamese forces and used in Cambodia. But CIP's goal, according to the Zill report, is "to heal the wounds of war and to develop greater understanding between the U.S. and Southeast Asia; to promote an end to the economic embargo; and to work toward diplomatic recognition." CIP argues that a lack of U.S. recognition and aid to Vietnam, Laos and Vietnam-occupied Cambodia is "pushing these countries into the arms of the Soviet Union."
Christian Peace Conference (CPC)-is one of the most influential Soviet-controlled international fronts. The CPC is headquartered in Prague, but also has a center in East Berlin. Its leading body, the All-Christian Peace Assembly (ACPA), meets in Prague. The Yearbook on International Communist Affairs (Hoover Institution Press) described the CPC as "under Soviet domination since 1968" and as operating "in tandem with the WPC."
The CPC's top official at the United Nations is Philip Oke, who takes a leading role in U.N. Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) activities for disarmament and in support of Soviet-backed terrorist "liberation movements" such as the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and African National Congress (ANC). In the 1960s, Oke was active with the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs, which was the youth affiliate of the Communist Party, U.S.A. In the early 1970s, he attended closed sessions of the CPUSA national convention in New York.
Oke is a member of the U.S. Ad Hoc Committee on USA-USSR Dialogue, Inc., which held a meeting in the U.S. Congress featuring some of 25 "Soviet citizens and several of their U.S. hosts from the cities of Austin, Pasadena and Toledo for questioning on the seven days spent together while visiting in private homes." The members of the Committee were listed as including: Carol Pendell, president, International President, WILPF; Rev. Dwain C. Epps, vice president, executive secretary of the U.N. Headquarters Liaison Office of the World Council of Churches (WCC); Rev. John Moyer, secretary, United Presbyterian Church; Rev. Robert McClean, treasurer, director, Department of Peace and World Order of the Board of Church and Society of the United Methodist Church; Michael Brainerd, Citizen Exchange Corps; Richard Deats, Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR); Howard Frazier,
Promoting Enduring Peace (PEP); Edna McCallion, Church Women United (CWU); Katherine Camp, WILPF; Philip Oke, CPC; Laurama Pixton, AFSC; Joe Byrne Sills, formerly of the United Nations Association; Stephen Thiermann, Friends World Committee for Consultation (FWCC); Delmar Wedel, formerly 01 the YMCA National Council; Hermar Will, FOR; and James Will, Christians Associated for Relations with East em Europe.
Christic Institute-operating from 1324 N. Capitol Street, Washington, D.C. 20002 [202/797-8106] was formed in 1981 as a public interest litigation group by attorneys and activists, a number of them formerly with the Quixhote Center, who had worked on the Silkwood and Harrisburg 8 cases now handling an anti-MX lawsuit filed the Silkwood and Harrisberg 8 cases now handling an anti-MX lawsuit filed in Salt Lake City; Lewis Pitts, a Regional Vice President of the National Lawyers Guild (NLG) representing Communist Workers Party members in a Greensboro, N.C. lawsuit; Bill Davis and Wally Katuboski who went to El Salvador prior to filing an amicus brief in support of a suit by Rep. George Crockett and others handled by the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) attempting to rule U.S. military aid to El Salvador is an unconstitutional violation of the War Powers Act.
Clergy and Laity Concerned (CALC)- with national headquarters at 198 Broadway, Suite 302, New York, NY 10038 [212/964-6730] was formed in 1965 by the National Council of Churches, but first became widely known in 1967 when it cosponsored a White House demonstration in conjunction with the Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, a coalition strongly influenced by Communists and found by the House Committee on Internal Security in 1970 to have "operated from its inception with significant international Communist support" through the World Peace Council. CALC's former leader, Rev. Richard Fernandez, served on the New Mobe Steering Committee.
In January 1970, CALC described its goals in these terms:
"what we are about today is not simply an end to the war in Vietnam, but a struggle against American imperialism and exploitation in just about every corner of the world....Our task is to join those who are angry and who hate the corporate power which the United States presently represents, and to attempt, in our struggle, to liberate not only black, brown and yellow men in every corner of the world, but more importantly, to help liberate our own nation from its reactionary and exploitative policies."
CALC's present co-director, John Collins, was an endorser of the U.S. Peace Council's November 1981 national conference. On February 17, 1982, CALC released an "open letter to Congress" signed by 400 religious activists and leaders opposing U.S. aid to El Salvador. With the AFSC, CALC sponsored a U.S. speaking tour by nine European disarmament leaders. According to the Zill report, CALC "has been most active in the formation and nurturing of the Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign, participating on the steering committee and involving a number of the 42 CALC chapters in the Freeze Conferences....There is a new CALC chapter in Amarillo, Texas, (home of Bishop Matthiesen and the Amarillo Pantex Plant, DOE's assembly plant for all war-heads), and it is serving as a center for job references, [and] counseling of the former atomic workers who have left their jobs on principle, and for a conversion study and vigils."
The Zill report noted that CALC's present mailing list had dwindled to 2,000 names from 50,000 during the anti-Vietnam protests until four years ago when CALC hired Liz Broder's direct mail firm to rebuild the list now at 20,000 names.
Other CALC program areas include South Africa and the "politics of food" (CALC provided the initial U.S. coordination for the campaign against the Nestle Corporation's infant formula).
Coalition for a New Foreign and Military Policy (CNFMP) -based at 120 Maryland Avenue, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002 [202/546-8400] is a lobbying coalition and information clearinghouse which was formed to lobby for U.S. cutoff of aid to South Vietnam.
CNFMP states that by a "new" policy, it means one "based on...the need to cooperate with nations of highly different political systems." CNFMP's programs call for U.S. recognition and economic aid to Communist and pro-Soviet regimes in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Angola. Other programs call for aid to revolutionary and anti-U.S. terrorist movements by a cut off of U.S. aid and economic relations with the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, South Africa, El Salvador, Chile, etc. This indicates that CNFMP's phrase "nations of highly different political systems" is code for "Communist totalitarian regimes."
CNFMP is a major distributor of propaganda originated from the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) and Center for Defense Information (CDI), and works closely with the two groups. Steve Daggett, on the IPS staff for three years, in 1981 became CNFMP's Budget Priorities Coordinator.
CNFMP's slogans and projects closely parallel those of the World Peace Council (WPC) and WPC delegations to Washington hold meetings with CNFMP. With a mailing list of some 12,000 presently, CNFMP ambitiously has hired Liz Broder to build its list "to upwards of one-half million eventually."
On February 26, 1982, CNFMP sponsored an all-day conference, Nuclear Arms and National Security, on issues for the U.N. Second Special Session on Disarmament (SSDII). CNFMP is supporting the "nuclear freeze" campaign, and is working with the AFSC's NARMIC on a "Guns versus Butter" slide show.
Among the members of the CNFMP's Disarmament Working Group (DWG) are the IPS Militarism and Disarmament Project, NARM IC, Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR), War Resisters League (WRL) and U.S. Peace Council (USPC). Prior to the formation of the USPC, another CPUSA front, the National Center to Slash Military Spending, participated in the CNFMPIDWG. After formation of the USPC, that front dissolved and recommended its members and supporters become active in both CNFMP and the USPC. Members of the CNFMP include WILPF, WSP, WRL, SANE, CALC, CIP, BEM, and AFSC.
Committee for National Security (CNS)-1742 N Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 [202/833-3140], according to IPS, its co-founder and senior fellow, Richard Barnet "played a major role in organizing" CNS "to mobilize broad support for détente to counter the voices calling for a return to confrontation and intervention." Other CNS leaders include Paul Warnke, an IPS trustee and SALT II negotiator for the Carter Administration; and former CIA Director William Colby.
The ZilI report noted Warnke was working with ACEWA on a task force to implement the Kennan proposals on nuclear weapons cuts. CNS has a Global Task Force with Dick Ullman and Gus Speth on population and development issues; and has received funding from the Cos Cob Foundation "for work on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty [and]...a speakers' bureau to stress that this treaty is a part of the [Nuclear] Freeze Campaign."
Zill reported that Nancy Ramsey, former legislative director for WILPF and then coordinator of Americans for SALT before joining CNS, had resigned now that "CNS is off to a good start," has considerable media attention, and is raising a sustaining bud get of $300,000 a year.
Council for a Liveable World (CLW)-with headquarters at 100 Maryland Avenue, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002 [202/543-4100], was formed in 1962 by the late Leo Szilard "to combat the menace of nuclear war." CLW's major method is to promote U.S. disarmament concessions to the USSR and "non-intervention" against Soviet aggression. Szilard, who died in 1964, called for establishment of a "U.N. Peace Court" at a 1961 Pugwash meeting in Vermont, which would have the power to pass a death sentence on any U.S. citizen or official it deemed guilty of violating "peace" and urged it have power to deputize any and all Americans to execute its sentences. CLW's present stance is much lower in profile.
CLW's February 1982 fundraising appeal commences, "The Reagan Administration is launching a massive escalation of the nuclear arms race." The letter, signed by George Kistiakowsky, chief science adviser to President Eisenhower, says CLW's chief targets are the MX missile and B-1 bomber, and states, "We're on Capitol Hill every day, working to reestablish arms control talks, fighting the proliferation of nuclear weapons, lobbying for nuclear arms control agreements." CLW is also targeting U.S. chemical weapons funding and campaigning for across-the-board defense cuts, with a "media blitz" slated for late May when the Senate will be considering the chemical weapons issue.
Lobbying tactics will include meetings with newspaper editorial boards and Congressional District Office meetings in key states including New York, Illinois and Florida.
On May ii, 1982, CLW and Physicians for Social Responsibility are co-sponsoring a conference on the medical effects of nuclear war in Washington, D.C. The group is in the midst of a 700,000 piece direct mail membership drive to build its list of 15,000.
The CLW Education Fund's tax-exempt status is being used to cover contributions to finance the Nuclear Weapons Freeze Clearinghouse in St. Louis pending its own tax-exemption.
The CLW board of directors includes Jerome Grossman, president; Ruth Adams, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists; Michael Allen, attorney; Bernard Feld, MIT; Roger Fisher, Harvard; Maurice Fox, MIT; Jerome Frank, Johns Hopkins; John Kenneth Galbraith; George Kistiakowsky; Admiral John M. Lee (Ret.); Matthew Meselson, Harvard; James Patton, National Farmers Union; Gene Pokorny, Cambridge Reports; Charles Price, University of Pennsylvania; Edward Purcell, Harvard; George Rathjens, MIT; Eli Sagan, writer; Herbert Scoville, Jr., ACA; Jane Sharp, Cornell; William E. Tarlow, business executive; Stephen Thomas, management consultant; Kosta Tsipis, MIT; Paul C. Warnke, attorney; Jerome B. Wiesner, MIT; John Isaacs, legislative director; Catherine Clark, assistant executive director.
Council on Economic Priorities (CEP)-84 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10011 [212/691-8550] is a research group that investigates U.S. defense industries, national defense hardware and planning, and various defense advisory boards. A major 1981 CEP study by Gordon Adams, a member of the SANE Educational Fund board of directors, focused on the access of those groups to classified information related to research and development programs for new U.S. weapons. Leading figures from the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) play key roles in CEP funding and direction.
In addition to its in-depth investigations into U.S. defense and its tracking of Defense Department and defense industry personnel, CEP produces materials urging cuts in the defense budget and redirection of defense funds for social programs.
CEP's Military Research Staff is directed by David Gold, who is working on an anti-MX missile book. When that is concluded his next project will target "the whole nuclear weapons field."
Other 1982 projects include arms sales (Bill Hartung); waste in the defense budget and cost overruns (Gordon Adams); and a recently released study commissioned by the International Association of Machinists and CNFMP on the "economic implications of the Reagan build-up" (Robert DeGrasse). A longer book-length study of the FY 1983 defense budget and "Reagan build-up" is to be released in September 1982, which will attack defense spending as the cause of U.S. economic problems.
European Nuclear Disarmament (END)-with offices on Endsleigh Street in central London, was initiated in 1980 with strong input from the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS), its international arm, the Transnational Institute (TNI), and the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, END serves as a primary link between the Western European peace movements including the British CND and Dutch lnterchurch Peace Council, the "independent" Yugoslav League for Peace, Independence and Equality of Peoples, and the Eastern European movements END leaders admit are "officially supported, state controlled" and "reflect Soviet foreign policy."
END has not formed a separate organization as such; but, according to one END leader, Peter D. Jones, a CND activist who started a four-month U.S. tour in January 1982, END "limits itself to individual and group contacts. Contacts with Eastern Europe vary, but East European signatories have urged Western Europeans to visit eastern countries and talk to people in a mutual exchange of views and ideas." [WIN, January 1, 1982].
END calls for a "nuclear-free Europe," and supports a "Nordic nuclear free zone" which are also goals of the WPC and USSR.
William Arkin, coordinator of the IPS Arms Race and Nuclear Weapons Project, served as coordinator for the END bi-annual "researchers" conference held in the Netherlands in March. END leaders who have visited the United States for speaking and organizing include Mary Kaldor, TNI fellow and former researcher at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), who is also on the British Labour Party's Defence Committee; and Dan Smith. EN D's intellectual guru is British Marxist historian E.P. Thompson.
Federation of American Scientists (FAS)-307 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002 [202/ 546-3300], was founded in 1945 as the Federation of Atomic Scientists. FAS calls itself "a conscience of the scientific community." FAS membership is overwhelmingly not composed of nuclear specialists, and admits its 5,000 members are "natural and social scientists and engineers concerned with problems of science and society."
Terming itself a "public interest lobby," FAS's long-time director is Jeremy J. Stone, son of I.F. Stone. FAS concern for the "public interest" includes opposing U.S. civil defense while asserting "nuclear war is national suicide." FAS defined its "primary goal" early in 1981 as "making sure that the body politic and the [Reagan] Administration in particular, are under no illusions on this score." FAS has a mailing list of 5,000 and publishes a monthly newsletter, In the Public Interest.
In October 1981 FAS began promoting a petition drive complimentary to the "nuclear freeze" campaign which within four months had obtained 10,000 signatures; now FAS is seeking donors to underwrite a campaign to obtain one million signatures.
FAS has a 24-member national council which selects nine candidates of which members elect six for annual council openings. Officers include Frank von Hippel, chairman;
John Holdren, vice chairman; George A. Silver, secretary; Robert M. Solow, treasurer; Jeremy J. Stone, director.
Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)-523 North Broadway, Nyack, N.Y. 10960 [914/358-4601] terms itself an association of individuals "who recognize the essential unity of all humanity and have joined together to explore the power of love and trut