SINGAPORE: Mr Lee Kuan Yew was the eldest son of Chua Jim Neo and Lee Chin Koon.
An excellent student, who earned himself a place in Cambridge University to read law, he proved to be the sibling that his sister and three brothers could look up to.
As the eldest brother, he took care of the family during the Japanese Occupation, and already showed entrepreneurial and survival instincts.
His youngest sibling, Dr Lee Suan Yew, remembers how this benefitted the family: “He knew that the banana money, as we called it at that time, would be of very little value when the war was over. And he purposely bought many things so that when the war was over, he would dispose of them and covert them to the straits currency. And during that time, when he bought the billiard table, we had a lot of fun.”
While Mr Lee was Western-educated, and English was the primary language he spoke at home, he subscribed to Confucian values. In particular, the importance of family, community and country, and one’s duty to others.
Dr Lee Suan Yew said: “He was really a wonderful brother, because as an older brother, he was really a responsible person, very wise and always willing to give advice to us. At any time we say we would like to meet him, he would say ‘sure, come on’.”
A driven student, Mr Lee expected his siblings to share his work ethic, and advised his youngest brother to buck up if he wanted to do medicine in England, advice that was taken seriously.
Dr Lee Suan Yew remembers: “He said, ‘If you wanted to go to England to do medicine, you have got to study very hard because it’s very competitive. It’s not competitive in Singapore, but it’s very competitive in the UK.’ And at the rate I was going, he said ‘you had better buck up and study hard’. That’s all he had to tell me, and it just clicked and I said ‘ya, maybe I have not been pushing myself, I should really give more effort and soon’, and it paid dividends.”
Growing up, Mr Lee was particular about respecting another’s belongings. He would be furious if his brothers borrowed his things without asking.
Dr Lee Suan Yew said: “One day, my second brother Dennis used his pair of shoes without his permission, and enjoyed using it. But when he returned it, he didn’t clean it or something, and big brother was very furious with him and we all heard about it. There was no end to that story. From that day on, all of us knew that we must not touch his things unless we got permission to use his things. But he’s not selfish. You can use his things, but he feels that you must ask his permission, and then return it as you found it.”
Such principles stood Mr Lee in good stead when he entered politics and devoted his life to creating a better Singapore, not just for his family and friends but for his fellow citizens. This devotion, though, robbed him of time with his family.
Dr Lee Suan Yew said: “He made special effort to make sure that there was always a dinner together, and that would be New Year’s Eve dinner. We’ll always make sure that we get together. Or birthdays, if he’s got time, he will make sure that we get together for birthday dinners.”
Mr Lee was always protective of his sister Monica, who remembers their home being constantly filled with her brothers’ friends.
Ms Monica Lee said: “I have four brothers, and the four brothers have got an average of 12 friends each. So when they come and go, it’s like Grand Central Station, and everybody comes in and out. The main door is never shut right until midnight. Even our main gates, we never shut them.”
Former Cabinet Minister Hon Sui Sen was one of those who enjoyed the warm camaraderie. Mr Lee’s brother, Mr Freddy Lee, said in 2012: “Hon Sui Sen was a very close friend of my brother. So whenever he felt like coming down form Penang, he stayed with us.”
It was clear that family and friends occupied and important place in Mr Lee’s life. He was grateful for the support they gave him when he entered politics.
FRIENDS AND COMRADES
Mr Hon was not only Mr Lee’s Cabinet colleague, but someone he wrote and spoke about fondly. Mr Hon died in 1983, and in a parliamentary debate on Ministers’ salaries, Mr Lee spoke about how the first generation leadership, including Mr Hon, was driven by their passion to build a corruption-free, performance-driven civil service, something he felt that one cannot put a price on.
Speaking in Parliament in 1994, Mr Lee said: “I gave Dr Goh (Keng Swee) the best permanent secretary we have – Hon Sui Sen – to help him. Very quiet man, doesn’t make great speeches but understands people and knows who can do what.”
Singapore’s first Foreign Minister, Mr S Rajaratnam, was both friend and wordsmith to Mr Lee, and was counted among close friends that Mr Lee made during his early political years.
Mr Lee said in 2005: “I think he was, personally, a very great friend and a very warm-hearted one. And he gives heart in very, nearly hopeless situations. When you feel that the position is so bleak, he says ‘never mind, let’s soldier on, we’ve got to find it’. And I think that was a very great quality to have in a leader.”
There was a special bond between Mr Lee and his People’s Action Party comrades. History had unified them against the difficult challenges that the early days of nationhood brought. The battles against the Communists and communalists shaped a special camaraderie which they never forgot.
Former Minister of State, Associate Professor Koo Tsai Kee, said in 2011: “Some of the founding members of the PAP, the first few members who took up member cards, are still alive today. He’s very close to them, and they are very close to him. Those who are closer to him - the residents, the grassroots leaders - will know that he cares for them … the kind of support he gets, it’s not just warm support, it’s overwhelming support.”
Among Mr Lee’s close friends, none were closer than one Kwa Geok Choo – the woman behind the man.
A HUSBAND AND FATHER
Madam Kwa Geok Choo caught Mr Lee’s attention as a teenager, because she had scored higher marks than him in an exam.
She was a recipient of the Queen’s Scholarships, a government scheme which enabled two promising students each year to enrol at a British university.
From rivalry, the relationship blossomed into love during the war years. He helped her to get a place at Girton College at Cambridge, so that she could be with him while he read law at Fitzwilliam House.
Unconventionally at the time, they married secretly in England without the knowledge of their parents. After returning to Singapore, Mr Lee sought and obtained blessings from his wife’s father, and the couple was finally able to seal their union publicly.
Mr Lee said in 1994: “You either have the Western view – you marry the woman you love, or the Eastern view – you love the woman you marry. Well, I tried to match both, and I think it wasn’t a bad choice.”
Mrs Lee, or Choo as he called her fondly, was Mr Lee’s confidante – someone whose judgment and views he valued. Mr Lee was seldom seen without her, whether at home or overseas.
Mr Lee’s son, Mr Lee Hsien Yang, said: “They had a partnership. It was not a relationship, well, you know - superior and inferior. And in many senses, he took counsel from my mother and respected her views. And I think they had a very open relationship. It’s sometimes difficult to do. I think all of us struggle to have, you know, relationships. They take a lot of work to nurture and I think they did it very well.”
Mr Lee’s eldest son, and Singapore’s third Prime Minister, Mr Lee Hsien Loong, said in 2013: “He took her advice, her views very seriously. On policy matters and government matters, he decided with the ministers. But she had her views of the people, she had her views on how he presented himself, how it came across and they made sense and he took them in.
“When you are married a long time, and a good marriage, you became in a way more like one another. In their case, I think their personalities were very contrasting. I don’t think even in old age they were like one another, but they were very, very compatible.”
Many observed the close bond between the couple through their interactions with them. The Lees exemplified the importance of family values and the life-long bonds of marriage.
Speaking in 2012, former President S R Nathan said: “She is a great source of support for him. I am sure she contributes as much to the thinking of some of his speeches and his remarks. And she is the contributor to some of the discussions he has. But what is amazing about them is that they are constantly in conversation. Some of us wonder what is it that they are talking about. But they seem to be engaged, they seem to be enjoying it.”
Former Foreign Minister George Yeo said: “He had a very special close relationship with his wife, something which should be an inspiration to all of us. She lived for him. On some overseas trips, I overheard her telling the staff, because MM (Minister Mentor) would have his own meetings, then they would bring her out to see something or maybe to do some shopping, she told the staff ‘when MM is back, I want to be back’.”
On October 26, 2003, Mrs Lee suffered a stroke while she was in London with Mr Lee. In an interview, Mr Lee gave a glimpse of how their lives changed after the stroke, and how he personally devoted himself to her wellbeing.
He read her poems by her bedside, and took to meditation to relieve the stress of coping with her deteriorating health.
Former GIC group Chief Investment Officer Ng Kok Song, who was also Mr Lee’s meditation guide, said: “In spite of his own frailty, he was doing his very best to care for her. He spoke about how, every evening, he would spend an hour or more beside her bed talking to her, reading her the news and her favourite poems. And because she could not talk, he was finding it quite taxing to do that. So I realised that he was already feeling the pain of separation from his wife. And he thought that perhaps the practice of meditation would help him to cope with that challenge of caring for her in her condition.”
Mrs Lee died in October, 2010. Mr Lee’s pain at her passing was evident to the entire nation. He said at her funeral: “Without her, I would have been a different man, and (had) a completely different life. She devoted herself to me and our children. She was always there when I needed her. She has lived a life full of warmth and meaning. I should find solace in her 89 years of life well-lived. But at this moment of the final parting, my heart is heavy with sorrow and grief.”
The chief ideologue of the Chinese Communist Party, Mr Zheng Bijian, had developed a personal friendship with the Lees. He arranged for a renowned photographer to take portraits of the Lees when they visited China. A few years later in 2010, Mr Lee got in touch with him.
Mr Zheng said in 2013: “His wife had died, and he missed her greatly. He wished for the photos to be displayed in every room of his house. Such a moving relationship.”
Mrs Lee’s last wish was to have her ashes placed together with Mr Lee’s so that they would be joined in death as they had been in life.
The Lees had three children – two sons and a daughter.
All three children excelled in their studies and were effectively bilingual, thanks to the importance their father placed on learning both the English language and one’s mother tongue.
They were President’s Scholars, who later distinguished themselves in their careers. Their elder son, Hsien Loong, became Prime Minister in 2004.
Like his parents, he was educated at the University of Cambridge, where he studied mathematics and computer science, excelling at both.
Mr Lee Hsien Loong fondly recalls how father and son kept in touch during his Cambridge days, like they used to when he was a boy. He said: “He spent a lot of trouble keeping in touch with us, and when we were away, he would write to us and my mother would write to us every week, and I would write back. And my mother’s letters would be in handwriting. His letters would be dictated, typed, and were typed double or triple space, and he would go through and correct the typed version, and then add stuff and maybe have another paragraph or two in writing at the end. And then he would send it to me in that form. And to think of the efforts, substantial pieces, 5-6 pages, maybe more. I still have them all stored away somewhere.”
Mr Lee’s youngest child, Mr Lee Hsien Yang, also studied at Cambridge and became the Chief Executive Officers of Singtel. He said: “People think of him as being very stern and very strict. I don’t think we ever felt that at home. I think he himself felt that he had a very strict father who would, you know, often been quick to discipline the children, and so he did not do that with us.”
Mr Lee’s daughter, Wei Ling, became a medical doctor and the director of Singapore’s National Neuroscience Institute. She travelled with the Lees in the early years, but remained shy of the limelight.
Her columns, written for The Straits Times, opened a door into the private world of Mr Lee and his family, shedding light on his dedication to the country and its citizens.
In one article, she recalled how her father, though unwell, insisted on attending his constituency National Day dinner, which he never missed. This was especially since they were going to announce the establishment of a new pre-school aimed at helping children develop a natural love for Mandarin.
She wrote: “My father is obsessed with a number of things he believes are fundamental to Singapore’s well-being, but nothing more so than education and bilingualism. At the age of 90, he still has daily lessons with a string of tutors to improve his Mandarin.”
Mr Lee devoted time to his young children, despite affairs of state constantly demanding his attention.
Mr Lee Hsien Loong remembers: “When I was very small, he used to take us to go and look at trains. And we used to go to Tanglin Halt. There used to be a railway station there. We would go there in the evening and watch the trains come, (and) exchange tokens with the station master. And then it goes on. It’s a great thrill and outing for us, for me. I must have been five or six years old.”
However important family was to him, Mr Lee was ever mindful of his responsibilities as a leader. On a trip to South Africa, he and Mrs Lee received news that his son, Mr Lee Hsien Loong, then then the Deputy Prime Minister, had cancer.
Former Foreign Minister George Yeo said: “He was very distressed. He could not sleep, he had to take Valium. But when he met the South Africans, when he met journalists, you could not tell. Mrs Lee, as a mother, was of course, devastated. But the camera was not on her, but on him. So among ourselves, he did talk to us about the diagnosis and prognosis, the probabilities, and what he should do in terms of deployment of younger leaders for the future.
“After Cape Town, we drove along the scenic route to Port Elizabeth or something, and as we crossed the mountain pass, we stopped for a rest. There was a beautiful view of the Atlantic Ocean, and when the journalist asked for a group photograph which MM cheerfully agreed to, and he asked his wife to join us. But she could not, he tried to persuade her but she said no. Those of us who knew, knew what was in her heart, but he kept up the pretence until the matter came out after he left South Africa. So, watching him those few days, and the anguish that he must have held as a father, I was really moved …” he said.
Mr Lee Hsien Loong said: “When you needed him, he was there. At a crisis, he was the key person in the family. When I was ill with lymphoma, when my wife died, we depended on him for support, not just what he says, but just being there and knowing that things would be ok.”
BOSS AND MENTOR
Mr Lee was well known for his exacting standards, standards which he set not only for others, but for himself as well. His sheer determination to master languages beyond English testified to this.
Eager to connect with the Chinese electorate, he learned Mandarin, and continued doing so well into his 90s.
Dr Chew Cheng Hai, who was one of his tutors, said in 2011: “He would repeat the essay after me. When he mispronounces a word, I correct him and he will try again. I will let him know when his sentence structure is wrong. He will have it recorded on tape and learn from there. In other words, he is a very serious student.”
Mr Lee’s command of the Malay language was also impressive. Being Peranakan, he had a good grasp of Malay and spoke it as a native speaker would. Yet, he took Malay lessons to get even better at it.
Said his sister Monica Lee in 2012: “My brother is always busy with languages. First it was Hokkien, then it was Malay, then it became Mandarin. So even when we were on holidays in Cameron Highlands, he gets up at 6 in the morning, and has a voice training himself.”
Mr Lee was also disciplined about his health, eating five light meals a day and exercising regularly.
Mr Ng Kok Song, who was Mr Lee’s meditation guide, said: “He says, ‘every day when I come to the office, I don’t sit down for a prolonged period. After a while I would get up and I would come to this bicycle and I would turn on the BBC radio to listen to the news and then I would cycle, and that is how I keep my weight in check’.”
Beyond discipline he believed in integrity. He warned his team never to leave things to chance. They knew where he drew the line, and were clear about the sobering consequences that would follow should they ever cross it.
Former Prime Minister and Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong said: “One advice which he gave, not just to me but to the ministers as well, was never be held hostage to a fortune. In other words, you have got to conduct your life in such a way that your opponents cannot seize upon those skeletons in the cupboard, or scandals and so on, and just destroy you.”
Mr Lee valued a simple and frugal lifestyle – values that influenced the way he lived and how he ran his Government. Those who worked with him remember how careful he was with money.
Former Senior Minister of State Sidek Saniff said: “He asked me if I had boots to cover my shoes so they walk over the snow. I said: “Yes I must buy. I get S$400 or S$500, then I’ll buy.” He said: “Don’t waste money, Chok Tong has good boots.” Even though Goh Chok Tong is much taller than I. So I ended up going to China with borrowed overcoat and borrowed boots.”
In planning for Singapore’s future, Mr Lee Kuan Yew was not driven by rigid ideology or dogma. He was prepared to change his position when it was warranted, like overturning the “stop-at-two” family planning policy, and allowing for casinos as part of the integrated resorts.
His sheer determination to push through projects and ideas he thought valuable, sometimes led others to have a wrong impression of Mr Lee.
Former Permanent Secretary Eddie Teo said: “There is this misperception that Mr Lee does not listen to other people’s views, that he surrounds himself in the Cabinet and Public Service by ‘yes men’. But in fact, if you agree with everything he says, then he would not respect you because you know he will find that you’re not very useful to him because he wants to hear contrarian views. And he is prepared to accept views that are different from his, provided you give very good reasons and very good grounds.”
The leader of the opposition often did not agree with Mr Lee, but gives him due credit for his achievements. He said: “The legacy which I think Mr Lee has left for Singapore is social integration. We have succeeded over the years, that all races, regardless of language or religion, to be able to coexist, and to live together peacefully. And not only that, we’re beginning to see the integration and sense of nationhood and a national identity evolving and emerging regardless of race. I think it’s a marked achievement.”
Consumed with a zeal to keep Singapore relevant, he obsessed about spotting the right talent for Singapore’s future leaders. That Singapore had seen two successful generational changes of government without disruption is testament to the care and value he placed on succession planning.
Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean remembers his first meeting with Mr Lee: “Well, it’s forever in my memory. I was 18 years old. My colleague Peter Ho and I had just commissioned as Infantry Officers. One day we were told to report to the Istana. And after waiting a while, we were told that the PM wanted to see us. And before we could collect our thoughts we found ourselves in his office in front of him. And he said to us, ‘Young men I would like you to give the Navy a try. You will give the Navy a try won’t you?’ So as an 18-year-old, what do you say? Both of us said ‘yes sir’.
"And the next thing we knew, we were out of his office. Here he was, the PM, and he must have many things in his mind. But he paid attention to the build-up of the navy. He called up two 18-year-old young men to try to meet his organizational needs of the Navy. I found that quite remarkable.”
Also always on Mr Lee’s mind was the wellbeing of Singaporeans, and much of what he did was to help improve their lives.
STRONG RAPPORT WITH THE GROUND
Mr Lee had been a Member of Parliament for Tanjong Pagar from 1955. For over 50 years, he built a strong rapport with his grassroots leaders and residents.
Mr Lee’s constituents knew they could expect to meet him on at least three occasions every year - National Day, Chinese New Year and Tree Planting Day. Even illness would not stop him from showing up. Their welcome was always warm, appreciating how seriously he took these visits.
Associate Professor Koo said: “People love him, people adore him, he’s like a superstar here. Not a celluloid superstar, but the affectionate leader that people felt that, because of Lee Kuan Yew, they have a good life in Singapore.”
Where the Pinnacle now stands, there used to be two old blocks of flats. Grassroots activist Choo Whye Foo remembers an incident that took place when these flats were being built decades ago, that said much about Mr Lee’s character.
Speaking in Mandarin, he said in 2013: “One of us went to see him and asked if we could have priority for these flats. He said: ‘Think about it, these flats are built for citizens. If we build these flats for our party members, then it looks like there will be no future for our party. Would people have trust in us?’ He didn’t do things for his own benefits.”
Mr Lee’s Principal Private Secretary, Mr Lim Siong Guan, said in 2002: “He took a lot of pains to attend to the personal side of things. People write him notes - he takes the trouble to respond. People who have served in the past, he takes trouble to keep up and if he hears that somebody is unwell he would take the trouble to write notes. There's a very personal touch, he takes a lot of trouble to keep up.”
Many of Singapore’s older citizens would readily acknowledge Mr Lee as the father of the nation, having seen his leadership tide them through difficult times. But he worried that today’s youth, spared from the birth pangs of a new nation, would see the world through the lens of plenty and take Singapore’s unique circumstances for granted.
Speaking to young people at a Channel NewsAsia Forum in 2006, he said: “It is necessary for people like you and your generation to understand that this is not a business of just voting or not voting. Politics has got to do with your life, your job, your home, your Medicare, your children’s future. Suppose it goes wrong. You don’t need to do political science to know that something has gone wrong right?”
University graduate Muhammad Farouq Osman had only one encounter with Lee, at a forum in 2011 held at the Nanyang Technological University. Farouq had been inspired, whilst a student in junior college, to write Mr Lee a letter after reading his memoirs.
He said in 2013: “I was fascinated by his strength of character and forceful personality. Although I didn’t agree with everything he said in his memoirs I think that this is a man who, after all had contributed, given his whole adult life to Singapore. So I wanted to write him a thank you letter.”
The future was where Mr Lee always set his sights, and he and his team worked hard to set Singapore on a trajectory of success. He obsessed about leadership succession, believing that one’s success is measured by the success of one’s replacement.
Speaking in 1986, Mr Lee said: “And now the most difficult part is how to manage this transition. It’s not simply just to govern. To govern is simple. But to let the second generation govern is very difficult, is very delicate, because if it goes wrong, I am still responsible. If the ball just shot into the goal, I am the goalkeeper.”
By the 1988 General Election, it was clear he was ready to hand over the reins to a successor generation.
President Tony Tan Keng Yam said the Mr Lee was not hungry for power. “He prepared the leadership transition. When he was ready, he stepped aside, let a new PM take over and made sure Singapore would always have leadership. So when he passed away there was no leadership vacuum.”
At a PAP rally at the 1988 General Elections, Mr Lee said: “This time you are casting your vote not in judgement over my performance because I did not make the decisions. You are casting your vote to give your verdict on the performance of Goh Chok Tong and his younger colleagues. For four years, they have made all the major decisions. Yes, I presided over the Cabinet meetings, but even when I disagreed with them, I have not overruled them.”
On November 28 1990, Mr Lee stepped down from his post as Prime Minister. Though still capable of leading the country, he chose to make way for a younger generation led by Goh Chok Tong.
Mr Goh was chosen by the younger generation of ministers to be their leader. And he felt that Mr Lee was a very good teacher as he wanted the younger ministers to succeed.
“And since I was chosen by the younger ministers to become the successor to Mr Lee Kuan Yew, he helped me to learn as much as I could, to impart his own knowledge, and maybe to influence me, so that when I became Prime Minister, I would be able to continue with his own policies. We built up a comfortable relationship and when I became Prime Minister, of course he was very good, he gave me all the respect which he should give to a Prime Minister,” said Mr Goh.
Mr Lee was the first of his generation of political leaders to successfully take up the challenge of leadership, and the last to relinquish the burden.
After stepping down as Prime Minister, he continued in Cabinet for many more years, first as Senior Minister during the premiership of Goh Chok Tong, then Minister Mentor when his son, Mr Lee Hsien Loong, took over as Prime Minister.
In his new roles, Mr Lee continued to be active in the international arena, championing Singapore wherever he went, even after stepping down from the Cabinet in 2011.
Many leaders across the globe were full of admiration for the man.
Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair said: “He’s a really clear thinker and I think the single most important attribute, and something he certainly taught me, is the need to get to the right analysis, shorn of dogma, leave all that aside. You may be on the Left, you may be on the Right, you may have this preconception or that preconception, but put it all to the side, and the first thing you need to work out is what actually would make the difference to your country and improve it. And in that, that’s why I think although he’s a 20th century leader, he’s very much a 21st century teacher.”
Thai Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn said in 2013: “He’s a good teacher! When I meet him, I have to take out my notebook and write, I wrote what he say and he was not offended. He even tried to speak clearly and slowly so that I can get everything. This is the nature of a teacher.”
Former German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt described Mr Lee as “somebody singular”. He said: “Very quick mind, an analytical mind, sharp judgement. And on the other hand, in the fields in which he has to operate, he is a very pragmatic man, not driven by any particular ideology. More or less he is a man of reason rather than ideology.”
Mr Lee Kuan Yew’s place in history is certain. He led a remarkable life, appraising his circumstances with objectivity, while remaining always true to his values and beliefs.
He said: "Why do I want to live my life all over again? I may not be as lucky a second time in so many things. All I can say is, I did my best. What people think of it, I have to leave it to them."
And of his accomplishments, he simply said: "What I have to show for all my work is Singapore, and Singapore is still working."
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said of his father: “What will we miss of him? I think, it’s not … so many things but the most important, I think the key thing is, that with him, you will win … you will not lose. You will be alright and you will come through, and that sense of confidence and trust in a person, because of the experience, because of what he has gone through, because of what he has done, because of what he has contributed and demonstrated, is not something which you can replicate with any other person. He was unique. He played a unique role in Singapore and I think we have been very lucky to have him.”
If Singaporeans were to look back at their country’s beginnings, they would have to concur that very little was on their side, least of all luck. Instead, straining against the odds was one man, with the courage, fortitude and sheer audacity to reach for the impossible.
He said in 1988: “You must be prepared to have bones broken and blood spilled. There is sometimes no way out.”
He rallied a nation with a dream. Speaking to the Singapore Press Club in 1996, he said: “Thirty years ago, my colleagues, younger and more dreamy eyed, settled the words of our pledge. We did not focus our minds on our navels or we would have missed the rainbow in the sky. We pursued that rainbow and that was how we came to build today’s Singapore.”
Of his life, Mr Lee said: “I cannot say I planned my life. That’s why I feel life is a great adventure, exciting, unpredictable and at times exhilarating.”
His political genius swept Singaporeans along the arduous but rewarding journey of hope and discovery. And his courageous spirit continues to inspire Singaporeans, young and old, to take their country towards an even more meaningful tomorrow.
A fledgling nation, once floundering, now claims its place among the world’s most modern – all within the lifetime of an indomitable leader.
In his own words, Mr Lee Kuan Yew said: “For the young, let me tell you the sky has turned brighter. There’s a glorious rainbow that beckons those with the spirit of adventure. And there are rich findings at the end of the rainbow. To the young and to the not-so-old, I say, look at that horizon, follow that rainbow, go ride it.”
- CNA/ly