Bibliography
1 Sasaki M, Sitaraman SV, Babbin BA, Gerner-Smidt P, Ribot EM, Garrett N, Alpern JA, Akyildiz A, Theiss AL, Nusrat A, Klapproth JM. Invasive Escherichia coli are a feature of Crohn’s disease. Lab Invest. 2007 Oct; 87(10):1042-54.
2 Linskens RK, Huijsdens XW, Savelkoul PH, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Meuwissen SG. The bacterial flora in inflammatory bowel disease: current insights in pathogenesis and the influence of antibiotics and probiotics. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 2001;(234):29-40.
3 Bukharin OV, Petrunova NB. Microbial “friend-foe” identification in human intestine microsymbiocenosis. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2011 Nov-Dec;(6):46-51.
4 Böhm S, Kruis W. Probiotics in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. MMW Fortschr Med. 2006 Aug 31;148(35-36):30-4.
5 Boudeau J, Glasser AL, Julien S, Colombel JF, Darfeuille-Michaud A. Inhibitory effect of probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 on adhesion to and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by adherent-invasive E. coli strains isolated from patients with Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Jul 1;18(1):45-56.
6 Huebner C, Ding Y, Petermann I, Knapp C, Ferguson LR. The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 reduces pathogen invasion and modulates cytokine expression in Caco-2 cells infected with Crohn’s disease-associated E. coli LF82. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Apr;77(7):2541-4. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01601-10. Epub 2011 Feb 11.
7 Subramanian S, Roberts CL, Hart CA, Martin HM, Edwards SW, Rhodes JM, Campbell BJ. Replication of Colonic Crohn’s Disease Mucosal Escherichia coli Isolates within Macrophages and Their Susceptibility to Antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Feb;52(2):427-34. Epub 2007 Dec 10.
8 Wirostko E, Johnson L, Wirostko B. Crohn’s disease. Rifampin treatment of the ocular and gut disease. Hepatogastroenterology. 1987 Apr;34(2):90-3.
9 Prantera C, Lochs H, Grimaldi M, Danese S, Scribano ML, Gionchetti P. Rifaximin-extended intestinal release induces remission in patients with moderately active Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2012 Mar;142(3):473-481.
10 Reported at http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/12/fecal-transplants-work/
11 Cyong J, Matsumoto T, Arakawa K, Kiyohara H, Yamada H, Otsuka Y. Anti-Bacteroides fragilis substance from rhubarb. J Ethnopharmacol. 1987 May;19(3):279-83.
12 Phillips I, King A, Nord CE, Hoffstedt B. Antibiotic sensitivity of the Bacteroides fragilis group in Europe. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 Apr;11(4):292-304.
13 Fox AR, Phillips I. The antibiotic sensitivity of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United Kingdom. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1987 Oct;20(4):477-88.
14 Bremmelgaard A, Jansen JE, Justesen T, Gottschau A. Antibiotic sensitivity of the Bacteroides fragilis group in Denmark. APMIS. 1993 Sep;101(9):727-31.
15 Merad AS, Ghemati M, Faid N, Kimouche N. Antibiotic sensitivity of Bacteroides fragilis group in Algeria.Arch Inst Pasteur Alger. 1998;62:91-110.
16 Chervinets VM, Chervinets IuV, Bondarenko VM, Stol’nikova II, Samoukina AM, Mikhailova ES, Albulov AI. Clinical effect of chitosan in bacterial vaginosis therapy. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2011 Sep-Oct;(5):76-9.
17 Eija Könönen, Anne Bryk, Päivi Niemi, Arja Kanervo-Nordström. Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the Newly Described Peptostreptococcus stomatis Isolated from Various Human Sources. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 June; 51(6): 2205–2207.
18 Bartfay WJ, Bartfay E, Johnson JG. Gram-negative and gram-positive antibacterial properties of the whole plant extract of willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium). Biol Res Nurs. 2012 Jan;14(1):85-9. doi: 10.1177/1099800410393947.
19 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.
20 Voravuthikunchai SP, Limsuwan S. Medicinal plant extracts as anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 agents and their effects on bacterial cell aggregation. J Food Prot. 2006 Oct;69(10):2336-41.
21 Watt K, Christofi N, Young R. The detection of antibacterial actions of whole herb tinctures using luminescent Escherichia coli. Phytother Res. 2007 Dec;21(12):1193-9.
22 Peng MM, Fang Y, Hu W, Huang Q. The pharmacological activities of Compound Salvia Plebeia Granules on treating urinary tract infection. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 May 4;129(1):59-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.029.
23 Kong B, Wang J, Xiong YL. Antimicrobial activity of several herb and spice extracts in culture medium and in vacuum-packaged pork. J Food Prot. 2007 Mar;70(3):641-7.
24 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.
25 Jaswanth A, Jagannathan K, Heisonrobert SJ, Loganathan V, Manimaran S, Ruckmani K. Antibacterial activity of root extract of trianthema decandra. Anc Sci Life. 2002 Jan;21(3):158-9.
26 Alam N, Hossain M, Mottalib MA, Sulaiman SA, Gan SH, Khalil MI. Methanolic extracts of Withania somnifera leaves, fruits and roots possess antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Oct 7;12(1):175.
27 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.
28 Hancock V, Dahl M, Klemm P. Probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 outcompetes intestinal pathogens during biofilm formation. J Med Microbiol. 2010 Apr;59(Pt 4):392-9.
29 Tong Y, Jia S, Han B. Chinese Herb-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli. J Altern Complement Med. 2012 Oct 10.
30 Jia W, Whitehead RN, Griffiths L, Dawson C, Waring RH, Ramsden DB, Hunter JO, Cole JA. Is the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii relevant to Crohn’s disease? FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2010 Sep 1;310(2):138-44.
31 Benus RF, van der Werf TS, Welling GW, Judd PA, Taylor MA, Harmsen HJ, Whelan K. Association between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and dietary fibre in colonic fermentation in healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2010 Sep;104(5):693-700
32 Sokol H, Pigneur B, Watterlot L, Lakhdari O, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Gratadoux JJ, Blugeon S, Bridonneau C, Furet JP, Corthier G, Grangette C, Vasquez N, Pochart P, Trugnan G, Thomas G, Blottière HM, Doré J, Marteau P, Seksik P, Langella P. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008 Oct 28;105(43):16731-6.
32a Bittner AC, Croffut RM, Stranahan MC, Yokelson TN. Prescript-assist probiotic-prebiotic treatment for irritable bowel syndrome: an open-label, partially controlled, 1-year extension of a previously published controlled clinical trial. Clin Ther. 2007 Jun;29(6):1153-60.
Bittner AC, Croffut RM, Stranahan MC. Prescript-Assist probiotic-prebiotic treatment for irritable bowel syndrome: a methodologically oriented, 2-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study. Clin Ther. 2005 Jun;27(6):755-61.
33 Bruckschen E et al. Chronic Constipation. Comparison of Microbiological and Lactulose Treatment. German MMW 1994, 16: 241-245.
Cukrowska B et al. Specific proliferative and antibody responses of premature infants to intestinal colonization with nonpathogenic probiotic E. colistrain Nissle 1917. Scand J Immunol 2002;55:204-209.
Fric P et al. The effect of non-pathogenic Escherichia coli in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003, 15:313-5.
Goerg KJ et al. Probiotic therapy of pseudomembranous colitis. Combination of intestinal lavage and oral administration of Escherichia coli. German DMW 1998;123:1274-1278.
Henker J et al. Successful treatment of gut-caused halitosis with a suspension of living non-pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria-a case report. Eur J Pediatr 2001;160:592-594.
Kruis W et al. Maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis with the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is as effective as with standard mesalazine.Gut 2004, 53:1617-1623.
Kruis W et al. Double-blind comparison of an oral Escherichia coli preparation and mesalazine in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997; 11: 853-858.
Kuzela L et al. Induction and maintenance of remission with nonpathogenic Escherichia coli in patients with pouchitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:3218-3219.
Lodinová-Zádníková R et al. Effect of preventive administration of a nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain on the colonization of the intestine with microbial pathogens in newborn infants. Biol Neonate 1997; 71: 224 – 232.
Lodinová-Zádníková R et al. Local and serum antibody response in fullterm and premature infants after artificial colonization of the intestine with E. coli strain Nissle 1917 (Mutaflor). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1992; 3: 43-48.
Malchow HA. Crohn’s Disease and Escherichia coli. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997; 25: 653-658.
Malchow H et al. Colonization of adults by an apathogenic E. coli strain administered after gut decontamination. Gastroenterology 1995; Suppl. 108: 869.
Möllenbrink M et al. Treatment of chronic constipation with physiologic Escherichia coli bacteria. Results of a clinical study of the effectiveness and tolerance of microbiological therapy with the E. coli Nissle 1917 strain (Mutaflor) German Med Klin 1994, 89: 587-93.
Rembacken BJ et al. Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354:635-639.
Schütz E. The treatment of intestinal diseases with Mutaflor. A multicenter retrospective study. German Fortschr Med 1989; 107: 599-602.
Tromm A et al. The probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917 for the treatment of collagenous colitis: First results of an open-labelled trial Z. Gastroenterol,2004, 365-369.
Wurzel RM. Prophylaxis of Polymorphous Light Eruption: Comparative Efficacy of Bacteria, E. coli Strain Nissle 1917, and Nicotinamide/ Folic Acid.German Aktuel. Dermatol. 1999;25:329-33.
34 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutaflor , retrieved 2012-12-31.
35 Cyong J, Matsumoto T, Arakawa K, Kiyohara H, Yamada H, Otsuka Y. Anti-Bacteroides fragilis substance from rhubarb. J Ethnopharmacol. 1987 May;19(3):279-83.
36 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum_officinale , retrieved 2012-12-31.
37 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?StoreID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE&DocID=basic-interactions-rhubarb
38 Chervinets VM, Chervinets IuV, Bondarenko VM, Stol’nikova II, Samoukina AM, Mikhailova ES, Albulov AI. Clinical effect of chitosan in bacterial vaginosis therapy. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2011 Sep-Oct;(5):76-9.
39 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitosan#Biomedical_uses
40 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=bottomline-chitosan&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE#INTERACTIONS
41 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.
42 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#Folk_medicine, retrieved 2012-12-31.
43 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=bottomline-ginger&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE#INTERACTIONS
44 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.
45 Duraipandiyan V, Ayyanar M, Ignacimuthu S. Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006 Oct 17;6:35.
46 Mathabe MC, Nikolova RV, Lall N, Nyazema NZ. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Apr 21;105(1-2):286-93.
47 Israr F, Hassan F, Naqvi BS, Azhar I, Jabeen S, Hasan SM. Report: Studies on antibacterial activity of some traditional medicinal plants used in folk medicine. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2012 Jul;25(3):669-74.
48 Al-Zoreky NS. Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peels. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009 Sep 15;134(3):244-8.
49 Duman AD, Ozgen M, Dayisoylu KS, Erbil N, Durgac C. Antimicrobial activity of six pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) varieties and their relation to some of their pomological and phytonutrient characteristics. Molecules. 2009 May 13;14(5):1808-17.
50 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punica_granatum, retrieved 2012-12-31.
51 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=bottomline-pomegranate&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE#INTERACTIONS
52 Anjana Sharma, S. Chandraker, V. K. Patel, and Padmini Ramteke. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr; 71(2): 136–139.
53 Ghosh A, Das BK, Roy A, Mandal B, Chandra G. Antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts. J Nat Med. 2008 Apr;62(2):259-62. doi: 10.1007/s11418-007-0216-x. Epub 2007 Dec 5.
54 Aqil F, Ahmad I. Antibacterial properties of traditionally used Indian medicinal plants. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;29(2):79-92.
55 Kim HG, Cho JH, Jeong EY, Lim JH, Lee SH, Lee HS. Growth-inhibiting activity of active component isolated from Terminalia chebula fruits against intestinal bacteria. J Food Prot. 2006 Sep;69(9):2205-9.
56 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haritaki#Medicinal_Uses, retrieved 2012-12-31.
57 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=basic-interactions-haritaki&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE
58 Alam N, Hossain M, Mottalib MA, Sulaiman SA, Gan SH, Khalil MI. Methanolic extracts of Withania somnifera leaves, fruits and roots possess antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Oct 7;12(1):175.
59 Alam N, Hossain M, Mottalib MA, Sulaiman SA, Gan SH, Khalil MI. Methanolic extracts of Withania somnifera leaves, fruits and roots possess antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Oct 7;12:175. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-175.
60 Arora S, Dhillon S, Rani G, Nagpal A. The in vitro antibacterial/synergistic activities of Withania somnifera extracts. Fitoterapia. 2004 Jun;75(3-4):385-8.
61 Chaturvedi P, Mishra M, Akhtar N, Gupta P, Mishra P, Tuli R. Sterol glycosyltransferases-identification of members of gene family and their role in stress in Withania somnifera. Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Oct;39(10):9755-64.
62 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haritaki#Medicinal_Uses, retrieved 2012-12-31.
63 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=bottomline-ashwagandha&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE#INTERACTIONS
64 Bartfay WJ, Bartfay E, Johnson JG. Gram-negative and gram-positive antibacterial properties of the whole plant extract of willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium). Biol Res Nurs. 2012 Jan;14(1):85-9. doi: 10.1177/1099800410393947.
65 Smirnova G, Samoilova Z, Muzyka N, Oktyabrsky O. Influence of plant polyphenols and medicinal plant extracts on antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol. 2012 Jul;113(1):192-9.
66 Peng MM, Fang Y, Hu W, Huang Q. The pharmacological activities of Compound Salvia Plebeia Granules on treating urinary tract infection. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 May 4;129(1):59-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.029.
67 Watt K, Christofi N, Young R. The detection of antibacterial actions of whole herb tinctures using luminescent Escherichia coli. Phytother Res. 2007 Dec;21(12):1193-9.
68 Santoyo S, Cavero S, Jaime L, Ibañez E, Señoráns FJ, Reglero G. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil obtained via supercritical fluid extraction. J Food Prot. 2005 Apr;68(4):790-5.
69 Hsu WY, Simonne A, Jitareerat P. Fates of seeded Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on selected fresh culinary herbs during refrigerated storage. J Food Prot. 2006 Aug;69(8):1997-2001.
70 Fu Y, Zu Y, Chen L, Shi X, Wang Z, Sun S, Efferth T. Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils alone and in combination. Phytother Res. 2007 Oct;21(10):989-94.
71 Watt K, Christofi N, Young R. The detection of antibacterial actions of whole herb tinctures using luminescent Escherichia coli. Phytother Res. 2007 Dec;21(12):1193-9.
72 Bozin B, Mimica-Dukic N, Samojlik I, Jovin E. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) essential oils. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Sep 19;55(19):7879-85. Epub 2007 Aug 21.
73 Luqman S, Dwivedi GR, Darokar MP, Kalra A, Khanuja SP. Potential of rosemary oil to be used in drug-resistant infections. Altern Ther Health Med. 2007 Sep-Oct;13(5):54-9.
74 Szabó MA, Varga GZ, Hohmann J, Schelz Z, Szegedi E, Amaral L, Molnár J. Inhibition of quorum-sensing signals by essential oils. Phytother Res. 2010 May;24(5):782-6. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3010.
75 Wanner J, Schmidt E, Bail S, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Gochev V, Girova T, Atanasova T, Stoyanova A. Chemical composition, olfactory evaluation and antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils and absolutes from Morocco. Nat Prod Commun. 2010 Sep;5(9):1349-54.
76 Weerakkody NS, Caffin N, Lambert LK, Turner MS, Dykes GA. Synergistic antimicrobial activity of galangal (Alpinia galanga), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and lemon iron bark (Eucalyptus staigerana) extracts. J Sci Food Agric. 2011 Feb;91(3):461-8. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4206. Epub 2010 Oct 28.
77 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary#Traditional_medicine, retrieved 2012-12-31.
78 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=basic-interactions-burnet&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE
79 Kong B, Wang J, Xiong YL. Antimicrobial activity of several herb and spice extracts in culture medium and in vacuum-packaged pork. J Food Prot. 2007 Mar;70(3):641-7.
80 Fu J, Cao H, Wang N, Zheng X, Lu Y, Liu X, Yang D, Li B, Zheng J, Zhou H. An anti-sepsis monomer, 2′,5,6′,7-tetrahydroxyflavanonol (THF), identified from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi neutralizes lipopolysaccharide in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol. 2008 Dec 10;8(12):1652-7. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.07.017. Epub 2008 Aug 26.
81 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutellaria_baicalensis#Traditional_Chinese_medicine, retrieved 2012-12-31.
82 http://www.minnesotanaturalmedicine.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?DocID=basic-interactions-baikal_skullcap&storeID=BC479621C8D24FC180D13EEAADE583AE
83 Jaswanth A, Jagannathan K, Heisonrobert SJ, Loganathan V, Manimaran S, Ruckmani K. Antibacterial activity of root extract of trianthema decandra. Anc Sci Life. 2002 Jan;21(3):158-9.
84 Voravuthikunchai SP, Limsuwan S. Medicinal plant extracts as anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 agents and their effects on bacterial cell aggregation. J Food Prot. 2006 Oct;69(10):2336-41.
