AI for bipeds
Google has released a handful of AI experiments that tap into advances in machine learning in creative ways.
They include Quick, Draw!, a game in which an algorithm tries to guess what you’re sketching, A.I. Duet, which lets you compose pieces of music with a creative computer, and ways to visualize how neural networks represent information and see the world.
The projects show off some new AI features Google has built into an overhauled cloud computing platform. But they also help make AI less mysterious, and hint at ways in which the technology may become more accessible to all of us.
Take Quick, Draw!, for example. You have 20 seconds to draw six simple objects, and a computer tries to guess what you’re working on in the allotted time. Under the hood, the game runs a learning system that Google uses for character recognition. The system analyzes not only the shape, but also the strokes you used to draw it. It’s a neat way to understand a machine-learning approach that’s used by millions on their smartphones. It’s also quite addictive, even if it always seems to mistake my ducks for potatoes.
In in A.I. Duets, you get to make music with an algorithm. Through an effort called Project Magenta, Google researchers are exploring ways of using neural networks to mimic human creativity. The results are fascinating, especially because how musical creativity works remains rather mysterious. Part of the motivation for Google’s project, indeed, is exploring human intelligence by copying its musicality.
Among the projects aimed at elucidating the inner workings of neural networks is one called Visualizing High Dimensional Space. Created by several experts in data visualization, this effort shows how a large neural network stores and draws connections between different pieces of data.
The results are often beautiful, but they also highlight one way that we might be able to understand powerful machine-learning systems that would normally be inscrutable.
This could be pretty important for everyone. Imagine, for example, an algorithm that just flagged an apparently healthy patient as likely to develop a particular disease. The ability to inspect a network’s inner connections could make that decision less difficult to understand, and make treatment easier to justify.
So if you want to understand the revolution in machine intelligence that’s upending just about every industry, Google’s online AI laboratory is well worth a visit.
(Read more: A.I. Experiments, Silicon Angle, “OK, Computer, Write Me A Song,” “The Hit Charade,” “AI’s Language Problem”)
by Will Knight November 18, 2016
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602941/want-to-understand-ai-try-sketching-a-duck-for-a-neural-network/MIT
Learn more about artificial intelligence at EmTech Digital 2017.
Register now
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source of featured image
http://www.pcmag.com/news/347944/salesforce-brings-artificial-intelligence-to-crm-with-einste
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XADcSAyjFOo
On September 20, 2016, Accenture Strategy presented Symphonologie: The Music of Business debuted at the Louvre Museum in Paris. This unique sensory experience featured a full orchestra performing a 3-movement symphony inspired by the top stories of business and technology and interpreted though artificial intelligence. Symphonologie was brought to life by a team of strategists, creative technologists and musicians, and designed to reveal how strategy and technology together can unlock a new way to view the world. Learn more at http://www.symphonologie.com/
See also http://www.cbsnews.com/news/orchestra-music-symphonologie-by-artificial-intelligence-human-composers/
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http://www.learnartificialneuralnetworks.com/ai.html
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You can have a conversation with an AI bot here: http://alice.pandorabots.com
http://www.chatterbotcollection.com/images/FakeCaptainKirk.jpg
Here was my conversation with Captain Kirk:
Lieutenant: I am a bosun’s mate in training
James T. Kirk: I know you are.
Lieutenant: how long will my training take>
James T. Kirk: Hopefully not too much longer.
Lieutenant: It is difficult to learn this material about AI.
James T. Kirk: I don’t see the difficulty.
Lieutenant: That’s because you have graduated and you are the Captain.
James T. Kirk: Explain.. Lieutenant, our heading takes us near the Ceti Alpha star system.. Not necessarily, Lieutenant. I’ve heard of the theoretical possibility of life based on silicon. A silicon-based life would be of an entirely different order. It’s possible that our phasers might not affect it.
Lieutenant: How long will that journey take?
James T. Kirk: Hopefully not too much longer.
Lieutenant: You ave a sly sense of humor.
James T. Kirk: I can’t quite place him, but. What about Miss Hedford?
Lieutenant: I should have typed “You have a sly sense of humor.”
James T. Kirk: Perhaps you were. Both Nancy and Crater went out of their way to mention one item they needed.
Lieutenant: Who are Nancy and Crater?
James T. Kirk: Too much recursion in AIML.
Perhaps some form of mediation can be helpful in your difficulties. The Federation Bureau of Industrialisation may be of aid to you.
For more of this kind of thing, go here:
http://www.a-i.com
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Very highly recommended, especially for the graphics, and purchasable in pdf format
http://waitbutwhy.com/2015/01/artificial-intelligence-revolution-1.html
http://waitbutwhy.com/2015/01/artificial-intelligence-revolution-2.html
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The modern definition of artificial intelligence (or AI) is “the study and design of intelligent agents” where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximizes its chances of success.[1]John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956,[2] defines it as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.”[3] Other names for the field have been proposed, such as computational intelligence,[4]synthetic intelligence[4][5] or computational rationality.[6] The term artificial intelligence is also used to describe a property of machines or programs: the intelligence that the system demonstrates.
AI research uses tools and insights from many fields, including computer science, psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, operations research, economics, control theory, probability, optimization and logic.[7] AI research also overlaps with tasks such as robotics, control systems, scheduling, data mining, logistics, speech recognition, facial recognition and many others.[8]
Much much more here:
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Artificial_intelligence
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“We are in the midst of a revolution in machine intelligence, the art and engineering practices that let computers perform tasks that, until recently, could be done only by people…. For the record, most experts believe that strong machine intelligence will arrive before the century is over, assuming current trends continue.
Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies deals with the aftermath of that event. The book’s author, Nick Bostrom, a professor of philosophy at the University of Oxford, has a background in theoretical physics and neuroscience. His scholarly work is focused on understanding and mitigating emerging risks that threaten the very survival of the human species: full-blown nuclear warfare, massive climate change, synthetic biology, nanotechnology or runaway machine intelligence.
Superintelligence deals with the last. I warmly recommend the opening and the closing chapters for their enticing arguments, soaring metaphors and insightful fables. You will come away unsettled, if not downright frightened…..
To constrain what could happen and ensure that humanity retains some modicum of control, we need to better understand the only known form of intelligence. That is, we need to develop a science of intelligence by studying people and their brains to try to deduce what might be the ultimate capabilities and goals of a machine intelligence. What makes a person smart, able to deal with a complex world that is in constant flux? How does intelligence develop throughout infancy, childhood and adolescence? How did intelligence evolve?
How much does intelligence depend on being embedded in social groups? What is the relation between intelligence and emotion and between intelligence and motivation? And what about consciousness? Will it make a difference to the AI’s action if it feels something, anything, and if it, too, can experience the sights and sounds of the universe?
In a field largely defined by science-fiction novels and movies acting as laboratories for exploring the possible, Bostrom’s Superintelligence is a philosopher’s Cassandra call to action (adorned with more than 40 pages of endnotes). Woe to us if we don’t eventually tackle the questions that the book throws out. Doing so effectively will be possible only once we have a principled, scientific account of the internal constraints and the architecture of biological intelligence. Only then will we be in a better position to put effective control structures in place to maximize the vast benefits that may come about if we develop smart companions to help solve the myriad problems humankind faces.”
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Superintelligence-Paths_Dangers_Strategies.jpg/220px-Superintelligence-Paths_Dangers_Strategies.jpg
A philosopher worries about computers’ ever accelerating abilities to outpace human skills
By Christof Koch on September 1, 2015
“We are in the midst of a revolution in machine intelligence, the art and engineering practices that let computers perform tasks that, until recently, could be done only by people…. For the record, most experts believe that strong machine intelligence will arrive before the century is over, assuming current trends continue.
Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies deals with the aftermath of that event. The book’s author, Nick Bostrom, a professor of philosophy at the University of Oxford, has a background in theoretical physics and neuroscience. His scholarly work is focused on understanding and mitigating emerging risks that threaten the very survival of the human species: full-blown nuclear warfare, massive climate change, synthetic biology, nanotechnology or runaway machine intelligence.
Superintelligence deals with the last. I warmly recommend the opening and the closing chapters for their enticing arguments, soaring metaphors and insightful fables. You will come away unsettled, if not downright frightened…..
To constrain what could happen and ensure that humanity retains some modicum of control, we need to better understand the only known form of intelligence. That is, we need to develop a science of intelligence by studying people and their brains to try to deduce what might be the ultimate capabilities and goals of a machine intelligence. What makes a person smart, able to deal with a complex world that is in constant flux? How does intelligence develop throughout infancy, childhood and adolescence? How did intelligence evolve?
How much does intelligence depend on being embedded in social groups? What is the relation between intelligence and emotion and between intelligence and motivation? And what about consciousness? Will it make a difference to the AI’s action if it feels something, anything, and if it, too, can experience the sights and sounds of the universe?
In a field largely defined by science-fiction novels and movies acting as laboratories for exploring the possible, Bostrom’s Superintelligence is a philosopher’s Cassandra call to action (adorned with more than 40 pages of endnotes). Woe to us if we don’t eventually tackle the questions that the book throws out. Doing so effectively will be possible only once we have a principled, scientific account of the internal constraints and the architecture of biological intelligence. Only then will we be in a better position to put effective control structures in place to maximize the vast benefits that may come about if we develop smart companions to help solve the myriad problems humankind faces.”
Christof Koch is president and chief scientific officer at the Allen Institute for Brain Science in Seattle. He serves on Scientific American Mind’s board of advisers.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/will-artificial-intelligence-surpass-our-own/
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintelligence:_Paths,_Dangers,_Strategies
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“… This profoundly ambitious and original book breaks down a vast track of difficult intellectual terrain. After an utterly engrossing journey that takes us to the frontiers of thinking about the human condition and the future of intelligent life, we find in Nick Bostrom’s work nothing less than a reconceptualization of the essential task of our time.”
— amazon.com
http://www.kurzweilai.net/superintelligence-paths-dangers-strategies
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0Nf3TcMiHo
[Nick Bostrom’s TED Talk on “a future full of human enhancement, nanotechnology and cloning long before they became mainstream concerns. Bostrom approaches both the inevitable and the speculative using the tools of philosophy, bioethics and probability.” ]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOhb7wkyMVo [107] [Nick Bostrom on Superintelligence]
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How artificial intelligence is changing economic theory
July 17, 2015 by Leah Burrows
http://phys.org/news/2015-07-artificial-intelligence-economic-theory.html
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The Three Breakthroughs that Have Unleased AI
https://www.wired.com/2014/10/future-of-artificial-intelligence/
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“Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a science and a set of computational technologies that are inspired by—but typically operate quite differently from—the ways people use their nervous systems and bodies to sense, learn, reason, and take action. While the rate of progress in AI has been patchy and unpredictable, there have been significant advances since the field’s inception sixty years ago. Once a mostly academic area of study, twenty-first century AI enables a constellation of mainstream technologies that are having a substantial impact on everyday lives…..”
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LIFE IN 2030
ONE HUNDRED YEAR STUDY ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE |
REPORT OF THE 2015 STUDY PANEL | SEPTEMBER 2016
The Stanford 100 Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100)
https://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report
https://ai100.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/ai100report10032016fnl_singles.pdf
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“The human brain has many interesting properties. Raj Reddy speculated that there are about one hundred billion neural cells in the human brain and the brain might be performing 200 trillion operations per second if not faster than that [12]. In problem domains such as vision, speech and motor processes, “it is more powerful than 1,000 supercomputers; however, for simple tasks such as multiplication, it is less powerful than a four bit microprocessor” [12]. These processing events taking place in the brain require little conscious effort and awareness on the part of humans and they are extremely difficult for machines to emulate. Conversely, machines can excel in some processes that are difficult if not impossible to a human being. Reddy went on to argue that silicon-based intelligence, if it’s ever achieved, might just have different attributes after all.”
[12]. Foundations and Grand Challenges of Artificial Intelligence. Reddy, R. Winter, 1988, AI Magazine, p. 9.
The History of Artificial Intelligence, p. 15
full pdf here:
http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/06au/projects/history-ai.pdf
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Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence
Executive Office of the President
National Science and Technology Council
Committee on Technology
October 2016
58-page pdf: preparing_for_the_future_of_ai
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A tutorial on AI and video games
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/video-games-and-artificial-intelligence/
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http://www.mbchapel.org/site/images/video_library.jpg
President Barack Obama on How Artificial Intelligence Will Affect Jobs | WIRED
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgL32wtgeXQ
[10 minutes]
See also
The White House today release a report on the future of artificial intelligence. The document covered a number of concerns. Perhaps the shortest major section was “AI, Automation, and the Economy.”
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/
https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/whitehouse_files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf
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Other Videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TRv0cXUVQw
An 8-minute video primer on AI
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Artificial Intelligence and the Future
Deep Mind’s Demis Hassabis at the Royal Society of the Arts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEL4iR-d4L8
[48 minutes]
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Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wxwSdQpjHk
[50 minutes]
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Blurring the Lines Between Humans and Machines
Speakers
Pascale Fung, Professor, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Ben Goertzel, Chief Scientist, Hanson Robotics; Chief Scientist, Aidyia Ltd.
Hsiao-Wuen Hon, Corporate Vice President, Microsoft Corp.; Chairman, Asia-Pacific R&D Group, Microsoft
Filmed Sept 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko5rvfiK5vM
[60 minutes]
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OpenAI – Deep Learning for Computer Vision
Andrej Karpathy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_njYDK9Frpg
[85 minutes]
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THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
http://www.aaai.org/home.html
A major source for symposia, conferences and a magazine
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Journals and Books
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See the bibliography here
http://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/computers-and-electrical-engineering/computers-and-computing/artificial
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Artificial Intelligence, which commenced publication in 1970, is now the generally accepted premier international forum for the publication of results of current research in this field.
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/artificial-intelligence/
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Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
(Third edition) by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig
The leading textbook in Artificial Intelligence.
Used in over 1300 universities in over 110 countries.
The 22nd most cited computer science publication on Citeseer (and 4th most cited publication of this century).
http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu
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Ai4u: Mind-1.1 Programmer s Manual (Paperback)
Arthur T Murray
Published by iUniverse, United States (2002)
ISBN 10: 0595259227 ISBN 13: 9780595259229
New Paperback
Item Description: iUniverse, United States, 2002. Paperback. Book Condition: New. 215 x 172 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****. AI4U: Mind-1.1 Programer s Manual has the following positive and negative points. + It describes the rapidly evolving AI Minds on the Web. – It quickly becomes obsolete as the AI hyper-evolves. + On-demand publishing (ODP) makes for quick updates. – The Mentifex project is considered oddball on the Net. + You ve got the first book about the first real AI Mind. – There are other, better, more authoritative AI textbooks. + AI4U makes a good supplement for actually coding AI. – Artificial intelligence is too hard to understand. + AI4U describes the AI while it is still easy to learn. – I would rather build robots than study AI programming. + If you want to build a smart robot, then AI4U is for you. – I m only a high school student/teacher; what s the use? + This book will challenge even the most gifted student. – I am not a programmer and so I can t code AI. + AI4U teaches you how to operate an AI, not just code it. – I just want to do Web design, not artificial intelligence. + AI4U provides an AI that you may install on your website. – I am more interested in neuroscience and/or psychology. + AI4U teaches a theory of how the brain works psychologically. Bookseller Inventory # AAV9780595259229
http://www.abebooks.com/book-search/author/arthur-t-murray/
See also:
https://bytes.com/topic/c/answers/62154-c-ai-blog
http://www.nothingisreal.com/mentifex_faq.html
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https://www.udacity.com/course/intro-to-artificial-intelligence–cs271
[four-month self-paced nanodegree]
http://si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/BI-AA979_AI_G_20150506144558.jpg
source of image:
http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2015/12/03/artificial-intelligence-ethics-a-new-focus-at-cambridge-university/
http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-science-schools/artificial-intelligence-rankings
MIT’s Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
https://www.csail.mit.edu
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-034-artificial-intelligence-fall-2010/lecture-videos/ [open courseware at MIT]
https://www.edx.org/course/artificial-intelligence-uc-berkeleyx-cs188-1x [free course at Berkeley]
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-825-techniques-in-artificial-intelligence-sma-5504-fall-2002/lecture-notes/Lecture1Final.pdf
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click on large image
http://www.legaltechnology.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Artificial-Intelligence-AI-larger-graphic.png
Artificial Intelligence in Law – The State of Play in 2015?
Added on the 3rd Nov 2015 at 12:17 pm
by Michael Mills, the co-founder and chief strategy officer of Neota Logic Inc., developers of a no-code software platform with which non-programmers can build expert systems to automate advice, documents, and processes.
http://www.legaltechnology.com/latest-news/artificial-intelligence-in-law-the-state-of-play-in-2015/
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On the validity of the Turing Test
http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/reingold/courses/ai/turing.html
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Artificial intelligence, machine learning and advanced algorithms are at the heart of an emerging digital world.
That was one of the chiefs components of Gartner’s Peter Sondergaard, senior vice president and global head of Research opening remarks at today’s Gartner Symposium/ITxpo show in Orlando.
“Machine learning and artificial intelligence move at the speed of data, not at the speed of code releases. Information is the new code base.”
“CIOs will participate in the building of a new digital platform with intelligence at the center,” Sondergaard said told a crowd of more than 8,000 CIOs and IT leaders. “The new competitive differentiator is understanding the customer’s intent through advanced algorithms and artificial intelligence. Creating new experiences that solve problems customers didn’t realize they had.”
Gartner says “advanced machine learning algorithms are composed of many technologies (such as deep learning, neural networks and natural-language processing), used in unsupervised and supervised learning, that operate guided by lessons from existing information.”
Advanced machine learning not only enables a smart machine to understand concepts in the environment, but enables it to learn. Through machine learning, a smart machine can change its future behavior. For example, by analyzing vast databases of medical case histories, “learning” machines can reveal previously unknown insights in treatment effectiveness. This area is evolving quickly, and organizations must assess how they can apply these technologies to gain competitive advantage, Gartner said last Fall in presenting trends for 2016.
Gartner says artificial intelligence “is technology that appears to emulate human performance typically by learning, coming to its own conclusions, appearing to understand complex content, engaging in natural dialogs with people, enhancing human cognitive performance (also known as cognitive computing) or replacing people on execution of nonroutine tasks. Applications include autonomous vehicles, automatic speech recognition and generation and detecting novel concepts and abstractions (useful for detecting potential new risks and aiding humans quickly understand very large bodies of ever changing information).”
“We are building machines that learn from experience and produce outcomes their designers did not explicitly envision. Systems that can experience and adapt to the world via the data they collect,” Sondergaard said. “Machine learning and artificial intelligence move at the speed of data, not at the speed of code releases. Information is the new code base.”
http://www.networkworld.com/article/3132006/data-center/gartner-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-and-smart-software-at-the-heart-of-big-network-changes.html
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How smart is today’s artificial intelligence?
multi-media (video, audio and text) from PBS
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/smart-todays-artificial-intelligence/
[with 54 comments]
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“… In response to AIs rapid developments, more than 8,000 leading researchers and scientists — including Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking — have signed an open letter alluding to AI’s potential pitfalls and possible detriment to humanity. Their main concern is that an existential risk faces humanity: an AI in control of autonomous weapons.
The letter goes on to state that autonomous weapons are quickly becoming the third revolution in warfare, after gunpowder and nuclear arms, and that AI researchers must focus their research on what is beneficial for humanity, and not just what is profitable. However, much of what is researched with AI may not be public knowledge, and is likely internal research that’s closely held by just a few very wealthy corporations. How can the public make informed decisions about something that is kept secret?….”
https://techcrunch.com/2016/10/23/advancements-in-artificial-intelligence-should-be-kept-in-the-public-eye/
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Artificial intelligence researchers have developed software that is capable of making complex decisions to accurately predict the outcome of human rights trials.
The AI “judge” was developed by computer scientists at University College London (UCL), the University of Sheffield and the University of Pennsylvania using an algorithm that analyzed the text of cases at the European Court of Human Rights.
Judicial decisions from the court were predicted with 79 percent accuracy by the machine learning algorithm.
“Previous studies have predicted outcomes based on the nature of the crime, or the policy position of each judge, so this is the first time judgments have been predicted using analysis of text prepared by the court,” said Vasileios Lampos, co-author of the research.
More: http://www.newsweek.com/ethical-artificial-intelligence-judge-predicts-human-rights-trials-513012
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Artificial intelligence-powered malware is coming, and it’s going to be terrifying
http://www.businessinsider.com/darktrace-dave-palmer-artificial-intelligence-powered-malware-hacks-interview-2016-10
The future is on its way, and there’s nothing you can do about it.
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How to Hold Algorithms Accountable
“… algorithms fed by big data can also amplify structural discrimination, produce errors that deny services to individuals, or even seduce an electorate into a false sense of security. Indeed, there is growing awareness that the public should be wary of the societal risks posed by over-reliance on these systems and work to hold themaccountable…..”
Algorithmic systems have a way of making mistakes or leading to undesired consequences. Here are five principles to help technologists deal with that.
November 17, 2016
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602933/how-to-hold-algorithms-accountable/MIT
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The Future (Probably) Isn’t as Scary as You Think
Internet pioneer Kevin Kelly tries to predict the future by identifying what’s truly inevitable. How worried should we be? Yes, robots will probably take your job — but the future will still be pretty great.
http://freakonomics.com/podcast/future-probably-isnt-scary-think/
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