Since China has replaced Japan as the second largest economy, and the continued appreciation of Chinese Yuan (CNY), the Chinese market is getting more attention than ever. For international businesses to reach Chinese customers, the optimisation of their Chinese websites is a must.
Looking at the data from CNZZ , in Feb 2014, we can see that Baidu holds 55.15% market share in China. Although Qihoo (360) is also a big contender and Soso and Sogou merged, Baidu is still the most popular search engine in China. As such, this article will introduce how international businesses should start their Chinese SEO Campaign, with a focus on Baidu.
A. On-site Optimisation
1. Domain, Host and ICP
Domain
For some political reasons, Chinese websites should definitely use a ccTLD. This will be also helpful for local hosting and getting an ICP. With regards to the domain name, Baidu is unbiased to .com, .cn, .com.cn and others, although it’s worth noting that Chinese users generally prefer .com.cn, .cn and .com domains.
Host
Hosting in China is not absolutely necessary but should be seriously considered if you want your site to perform well in Baidu. This is not only helpful to the loading speed in China, but is also a precondition to get an ICP.
ICP Record (license)
It is required by Chinese government that all websites operating in China need to get an ICP record. Although some websites using foreign hosts with no ICP are still able to be visited by Chinese users, there is no doubt that websites which have an ICP are more favourable to search engines in China. For example, you have to get an ICP before submitting your website to Qihoo (360), and some Baidu paid ads also require an ICP. In addition, websites with an ICP are perceived as more trustworthy, not only to visitors but also to other webmasters when they want to add a backlink to your site. So Chinese websites should apply for an ICP record at Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology as soon as possible.
2. Keywords
When you plan to launch your Chinese site, the first thing to do is to locate good keywords. Because each single Chinese character has multiple meanings, combining these words could have a different meaning. To avoid this, selected keywords should be reviewed by a native Chinese speaker. Keyword research can be performed based on industry, products, brand and even misspelling, and keyword tools can be used to select the best keywords. Below are 3 useful Chinese keyword tools:
Baidu Keyword tool
Businesses which have done PPC should already be familiar with this tool. An added benefit of this tool is that you can register a free PPC account to use it as well. Similar to Google Keyword Planner, it can suggest relevant keywords with daily search volume on Baidu based on the input keywords or your URL.
Aizhan Keyword tool
The data found on the Aizhan keyword tool is based on Baidu, it lists relevant keywords, search volume and competition in a table, which is more convenient for batch operations.
Baidu Index
The new version of Baidu index not only provides the trends of the keywords and the news for the industry, it also provides other useful data. For instance, you can use the feature ‘Demand Map’ (需求图谱) to get a better idea of long-tail keywords.
3. Site Structure
Make Your Site Simple, Avoid Deep Pages
Generally Baidu attaches most importance to the homepage, since it believes the content on the homepage is the most important. Therefore, it is hard for deep pages to be ranked, or even indexed. For small websites, a flat website architecture is recommended. It is advised to keep within 3~4 levels even for big sites. This will be also help with indexation.
Use Keyworded Internal Links
Chinese sites should implement internal links well. Each page should be linked to by at least one anchor text link. Since Chinese characters have multiple meanings, and there is no space in the sentence, the combination of words can have different meanings. So using anchor text as internal links can not only be helpful to Baiduspider when crawling the site, but also will highlight the important keywords on the page.
Add Breadcrumbs
Using breadcrumbs not only shows your visitor where they are on the site but also helps the Baiduspider to crawl your site.
Friendly URLs
It is advised to keep the URL easy to understand, and include keywords. As Baidu says: ‘Baiduspider is just a normal visitor, a friendly URL will help it understand the page well’. Adding keywords will make your URL easy to understand. PinYin is the most popular system used to write Mandarin Chinese in the Latin alphabet, and Baidu supports PinYin well. So when writing a URL, it is advised to add keywords in PinYin instead of English without affecting the length of the URL. To be friendly to Baiduspider, it is also necessary to keep URLs short and remove useless dynamic code.
4. Content
Pay Most Attention To The Homepage
The homepage should include all your important information. This is because, unlike Google, Baidu attaches more importance to the homepage. In Google’s view, detailed deep pages can be more relevant to the keyword, and it is not very hard for detailed page to be ranked. But for Baidu, the homepage should get more priority. Sometimes, when searching for the same keyword, your homepage could rank higher than the detailed page on Baidu. Therefore, optimisation of your homepage is very important. Chinese users favour homepages with rich content. Please make sure you add all your important information to your homepage and avoid using only a few images or flash on the homepage. If that increases the size of the homepage too much, then turn on the Gzip, as that won’t impact the performance on Baidu.
Use Suitable Simplified Chinese
Content is very important to a website. But some international businesses don’t pay attention to that. Some companies like to copy the content from their Hong Kong or Taiwan sites, and some even just use the translation of their English site. Because of the difference in the ways of expressing ideas and thinking, it is almost impossible for these kind of sites to get good rankings on Baidu. So as an international business, you should give more power to your Chinese team, who should choose and create suitable content for your Chinese site, not just copy from your other sites.
Title Is Important
Compared to Google, Baidu relies on the title tag more when judging the topic of the page. Your Chinese title should be within 30 Chinese characters (60 Latin Characters). And place important keywords at the front of the title. For famous brands, adding the company name in the title tag will make the page more trustworthy in the SERPs.
Images Need Chinese Tags
Make sure you use a Chinese name and alt tag on your images. That will make your page more relevant to the target keyword and this is something that many international businesses neglect. Some just copy the image from their other local sites, which is meaningless to the ranking of their Chinese site and in the worst case, the alt tag can be messy.
Be Fresh
Baidu favours fresh and original content. Websites with fresh content will get more attention, and be indexed quicker. So if possible, add fresh content constantly. Adding a news page or an official blog page on your site could be a helpful way of doing this. If you have nothing new to add, it is also good to rewrite exist page content based on the same keywords regularly.
Canonical Tag
Baidu supports canonical tags already. So make sure you use it when you have duplicate content.
Avoid Pop Ups
Websites with pop up ads will not rank well in Baidu because it harms the user experience. Also, Chinese users don’t like pop ups even they are not in ads. So avoid using pop-up windows in your site.
B. Off-Page Optimisation
1. External links
Since Baidu launched its Scindapsus algorithm 2.0 to attack link trading, it is harder to get valuable links even with content marketing. Low quality articles will just be ignored by Baidu. On the other hand, more Baidu products start to use ‘nofollow’ links, which makes it harder to build links with Baidu products such as Baidu Baike. But this doesn’t mean link building is useless, instead it shows that Baidu still considers back links, but it’s important that they are high quality. To make the link quality, it has to be meaningful. For example, when there is some news about your brand or industry, you can publish articles on the Baidu news protocols. When there are some offers, you can publish them on the forums about shopping. As well as this links from famous blogs or websites will still be considered.
2. Social Media
Social media is an important part of online marketing as it is popular in China. There are more than 700 million social media users in China. Over 92% of Chinese internet users have social media accounts. Most of them are Chinese social media sites, not Facebook, twitter, youtube or Google+. It is necessary to have suitable Chinese social media accounts for international business. Below is the introduction of the top Chinese social media sites.
Qzone (Total users 712 million)
Similar to MSN space, Qzone is an additional product of QQ account. Although having a huge number of users, it looks more like a personal space, and its users are mainly teenagers. Information is usually disseminated to fans’ space as articles.
Weibo (Total users 500 million)
Similar to Twitter, Weibo is the most popular micro-blog in China at the moment. The main users are the generation after the 80s. Information can be disseminated by message, image or video. Most famous Chinese businesses have verified Weibo business accounts. But as the popularity of WeChat has grown, user loyalty has reduced
WeChat (Monthly active users 236 million)
Similar to Whatsapp, but WeChat provides more free features. It is very popular with smartphone users. Businesses can register public accounts and customise it by using the development mode. WeChat is not suitable for all industries. For example business accounts are limited to publishing one article per day, which is not suitable for industries that need to publish regular fresh content such as media.
Tencent Micro-blog (Monthly active users 220 million)
Tencent Micro-blog is also an additional product of the QQ account. It is very similar to Weibo, but not as popular. Most businesses will chose Weibo instead of Tencent Micro-blog.
RenRen (Monthly active users 54 million)
RenRen is popular amongst Chinese college students. About 70% of users are aged from 20 to 30. Known as Chinese Facebook, RenRen also have business accounts similar to Business Facebook Accounts.
Note that most Chinese social media sites require a Chinese business license to verify their business account. So, international businesses without a local Chinese branch can’t get them. But they can still consider other social media websites that don’t require this, such as KaiXin or contact celebrities or famous blog/micro-blogs to promote their brand.
C. Some useful tools/links
Baidu Zhanzhang – Similar to Google Webmaster tools, Baidu Zhanzhang provides some useful features such as submit sitemap, monitor keywords position, index, backlinks.
Baidu Tongji – Similar to Google Analytics, it monitors the performance of your site and provides detailed reports and suggestions.
Baidu Index – Similar to Google Trends, it provides the search trends of the keywords, industry news and some other useful information.
Aizhan Keyword tool
Access page to submit URL to Qihoo (360)
Government site to apply for an ICP
Hopefully this article provides a good starting point for the optimisation of your Chinese website, Apply these tips and get your content in front of the vast and engaged Chinese internet audience.
Image Credit: Chinese Calligrapher
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