RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota
Typically, IT is used in the context of enterprise operations as opposed to personal or entertainment technologies. The commercial use of IT encompasses both computer technology and telephony. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
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The term information technology was coined by the Harvard Business Review, in order to make a distinction between purpose-built machines designed to perform a limited scope of functions and general-purpose computing machines that could be programmed for various tasks. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]As the IT industry evolved from the mid-20th century, it encompassed transistors and integrated circuits -- computing capability advanced while device cost and energy consumption fell lower, a cycle that continues today when new technologies emerge.[RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
IT software and hardware
IT includes several layers of physical equipment (hardware), virtualization and management or automation tools, operating systems and applications (software) used to perform essential functions. [RV College o Admission Management Quota]User devices, peripherals and software, such as laptops, smartphones or even recording equipment, can be included in the IT domain. IT can also refer to the architectures, methodologies and regulations governing the use and storage of data. [RV College Admission Management Quota]
Business applications include databases like SQL Server, transactional systems such as real-time order entry, email servers like Exchange, Web servers like Apache, customer relationship management and enterprise resource planning systems. [RV College Admission Management Quota]These applications execute programmed instructions to manipulate, consolidate, disperse or otherwise affect data for a business purpose. [RV College Admission Management Quota]
Computer servers run business applications. Servers interact with client users and other servers across one or more business networks. Storage is any kind of technology that holds information as data. Information can take any form including file data, multimedia, telephony data and Web data, data from sensors or future formats. Storage includes volatile random access memory (RAM) as well as non-volatile tape, hard disk and solid-state flash drives. [RV College Admission Management Quota]
IT architectures have evolved to include virtualization and cloud computing, where physical resources are abstracted and pooled in different configurations to meet application requirements. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota] Clouds may be distributed across locations and shared with other IT users, or contained within a corporate data center, or some combination of both deployments. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
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IT education and job functions[RV College Admission Management Quota]
A team of administrators and other technical staffers deploy and manage the company's IT infrastructure and assets. IT teams depend on a wide range of specialized information and technology skills and knowledge to support equipment, applications and activities. Third-party contractors and IT vendor support personnel augment the IT team. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota] The information technology profession is extremely diverse: IT workers can specialize in fields like software development, application management, hardware -- desktop support, server or storage administrator -- and network architecture. Many businesses seek IT professionals with mixed or overlapping skill sets. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Information Technology[RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Information technology (IT) is a label that has two meanings. In common usage, the term “information technology” is often used to refer to all of computing. [RV College Admission Management Quota]As a name of an undergraduate degree program, it refers to the preparation of students to meet the computer technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations.[RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
IT professionals possess the right combination of knowledge and practical, hands-on expertise to take care of both an organization’s information technology infrastructure and the people who use it. They assume responsibility for selecting [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]hardware and software products appropriate for an organization. They integrate those products with organizational needs and infrastructure, and install, customize and maintain those applications, thereby providing a secure and effective environment that supports the activities of the organization’s computer users. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota] In IT, programming often involves writing short programs that typically connect existing components (scripting). [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Planning and managing an organization’s IT infrastructure is a difficult and complex job that requires a solid foundation in applied computing as well as management and people skills. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]Those in the IT discipline require special skills – in understanding, for example, how networked systems are composed and structured, and what their strengths and weaknesses are[RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]. There are important software systems concerns such as reliability, security, usability, and effectiveness and efficiency for their intended purpose; all of these concerns are vital. These topics are difficult and intellectually demanding. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
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Computer engineering (CE) students study the design of digital hardware and software systems including communications systems, computers and devices that contain computers. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota] For them, programming is focused on digital devices and their interfaces with users and other devices. An important area within computing engineering is the development of embedded systems. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]Devices such as cell phones, digital audio players, digital video recorders, alarm systems, x-ray machines, and laser surgical tools all require integration of hardware and embedded software, and are all the result of computer engineering. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Computer engineering majors are offered by a fairly large number of universities, almost always within engineering[RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]. This major requires significant study of mathematics. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, test, and oversee the installation of computer hardware and supervise its manufacture and installation. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]Hardware refers to computer chips, circuit boards, computer systems, and related equipment such as keyboards, modems, and printers…. The work of computer hardware engineers is very similar to that of electronics engineers, but, unlike electronics engineers, computer hardware engineers work exclusively with computers and computer-related equipment. The rapid advances in computer technology are largely a result of the research, development, and design efforts of computer hardware engineers. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Computer science (CS) spans the range from theory through programming to cutting-edge development of computing solutions. Computer science offers a foundation that permits graduates to adapt to new technologies and new ideas. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]The work of computer scientists falls into three categories: a) designing and building software; b) developing effective ways to solve computing problems, such as storing information in databases, sending data over networks or providing new approaches to security problems; and c) devising new and better [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]ways of using computers and addressing particular challenges in areas such as robotics, computer vision, or digital forensics (although these specializations are not available in all computer science programs). Most computer science programs require some mathematical background. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Let us consider what is involved in a career path in each area.
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Career Path 1: Designing and implementing software.[RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota] This refers to the work of software development which has grown to include aspects of web development, interface design, security issues, mobile computing, and so on. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]This is the career path that the majority of computer science graduates follow. While a bachelor’s degree is generally sufficient for entry into this kind of career, many software professionals return to school to obtain a terminal master’s degree. (Rarely is a doctorate involved.) [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota] Career opportunities occur in a wide variety of settings including large or small software companies, large or small computer services companies, and large organizations of all kinds (industry, government, banking, healthcare, etc.). Degree programs in software engineering also educate students for this career path. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Career Path 2: Devising new ways to use computers. This refers to innovation in the application of computer technology. A career path in this area can involve advanced graduate work, followed by a position in a research university or industrial research and development laboratory; [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota] it can involve entrepreneurial activity such as was evident during the dot-com boom of the 1990s; or it can involve a combination of the two. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Career Path 3: Developing effective ways to solve computing problems. This refers to the application or development of computer science theory and knowledge of algorithms to ensure the best possible solutions for computationally intensive problems. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota] As a practical matter, a career path in the development of new computer science theory typically requires graduate work to the Ph.D. level, followed by a position in a research university or an industrial research and development laboratory. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Career Path 4: Planning and managing organizational technology infrastructure. This is the type of work for which the new information technology (IT) programs explicitly aim to educate students. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Career paths 2 and 3 are undenably in the domain of computer science graduates. Career paths 1 and 4 have spawned the new majors in software engineering and information technology, respectively, and information systems graduates often follow Career path 1, too. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota] Computer scientists continue to fill these positions, but programs in software engineering, information technology, and information systems offer alternative paths to these careers. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Information Systems
Information systems (IS) is concerned with the information that computer systems can provide to aid a company, non-profit or governmental organization in defining and achieving its goals. It is also concerned with the processes that an enterprise can implement and improve using information technology. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota] IS professionals must understand both technical and organizational factors, and must be able to help an organization determine how information and technology-enabled business processes can provide a foundation for superior organizational performance. They serve as a bridge between the technical and management communities within an organization. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
What information does the enterprise need? How is that information generated? Is it delivered to the people who need it? Is it presented to them in ways that permit them to use it readily? Is the organization structured to be able to use technology effectively? [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]Are the business processes of the organization well designed? Do they use the opportunities created by information technology fully? Does the organization use the communication and collaboration capabilities of information technologies appropriately? Is the organization capable of adapting quickly enough to changing external circumstances? These are the important issues that businesses rely on IS people to address. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
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A majority of IS programs are located in business schools; however, they may have different names such as management information systems, computer information systems, or business information systems.[RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota] All IS degrees combine business and computing topics, but the emphasis between technical and organizational issues varies among programs. For example, programs differ substantially in the amount of programming required. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]
Traditionally, many graduates of IS programs have functioned in roles that are similar to the roles for which IT programs explicitly prepare their students. Information systems graduates continue to fill these roles, but the new programs in information technology offer an alternative path to these positions. [RV College of Engineering Admission Management Quota]